Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve Management Statement

Statement of Conservation Interest

Ministry of Natural Resources
Parry Sound District

Prepared with the assistance of:

Meteek & Company
Huntsville, Ontario

March 2004

Approval Statement

We are pleased to approve this Statement of Conservation Interest for Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve (C92).

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve consists of 793 hectares of Crown land, located about 23 kilometres northwest of the Town of Huntsville. It is located in Stisted Ward in the Town of Huntsville and Cardwell Ward in the Township of Muskoka Lakes (both within the District Municipality of Muskoka) as well as in the Township of McMurrich/Monteith in the Territorial District of Parry Sound. It is surrounded mainly by privately owned lands, which are not part of this conservation reserve.

This conservation reserve, located in ecological Site District 5E -8, is the best example of forested swamp and organic soil deposits in this site district, and harbours several rare plant species. Parts of the shallow lake itself are sand-bottomed, while the rest is situated over a large organic deposit. Axe Lake Wetland is a provincially significant wetland, and is considered the second most significant site in Ontario for Atlantic Coastal Plain flora. The lake has extensive beds of emergent and shallow-water aquatic plants, and there are extensive conifer swamps with tamarack, black spruce and white cedar on Crown lands adjacent to the lake.

Axe Lake is an excellent warm-water fishery and is frequented by anglers. Hunters and snowmobilers actively use portions of the wetland surrounding the lake.

The Muskoka portion of Axe Lake Wetland is municipally designated as a Muskoka Heritage Area.

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve is one of 378 new protected areas approved through Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy, aimed, in part, at completing Ontario’s system of parks and protected areas.

During the "Lands for Life" planning process, the public was widely consulted and provided valuable input into what became Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy. Comments received during that time, and during consultation related to the formal Public Lands Act regulation of the boundaries of this conservation reserve, were generally supportive of the protection of this area. Stakeholders who provided comment during the earlier consultation for this site were subsequently consulted regarding the draft Statement of Conservation Interest and their comments were considered in the finalization of this document.

This Statement of Conservation Interest provides guidance for the management of the conservation reserve and provides the basis for the ongoing monitoring of activities. More detailed direction is not anticipated at this time. Should more complex resource management or conservation issues arise or significant facility development be considered, then a detailed Resource Management Plan will be prepared with full public consultation.

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve is managed under the direction of the District Manager of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Parry Sound District. The Bracebridge Area Supervisor manages the Muskoka part of the site, while the Parry Sound Area Supervisor manages the McMurrich/Monteith portion.

Approved by:

R. Griffiths
District Manager
Parry Sound District

Approved by:

Ron Running
Regional Director
Southern Region

Figure 1: Location of Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve

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Figure 2: Site Map – Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve

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1.0 Introduction

Ontario’s Living Legacy, the result of an extensive planning process that began in early 1997, culminated in the approval in July 1999 of a Land Use Strategy that identifies the intended strategic direction for Crown land, including the completion of Ontario’s system of parks and protected areas. This process, which included extensive public consultation, resulted in the recommendation for regulation of 378 new protected areas, including Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve (C92).

Axe Lake Wet land Conservation Reserve consists of 793 hectares of Crown land, located about 23 kilometres northwest of the Town of Huntsville. It is located in Stisted Ward in the Town of Huntsville and Cardwell Ward in the Township of Muskoka Lakes (both within District Municipality of Muskoka) as well as in the Township of McMurrich/Monteith in the Territorial District of Parry Sound. It is surrounded mainly by privately owned lands, which are not part of this conservation reserve. The complete bed of Axe Lake is a part of the conservation reserve.

The Axe Lake area has been recognized as a significant area for some time. The northern area, including the lake, was named an Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) in 1987 (OMNR, 1983; Brunton, 1991); it was identified as having an excellent assemblage of Atlantic Coastal Plain flora in 1989 (Keddy & Sharp, 1989); the entire wetland area was determined to be a provincially significant wetland (PSW) using the Ontario Wetland Evaluation System Northern Manual (1993) in 1995; and the southern peatland portion is a Muskoka Heritage Area (MHA). Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve, being limited to Crown Land, covers the bed of Axe Lake and the area surrounding the southern portion of the lake, as well as a large parcel to the east. The conservation reserve is mainly continuous, with a couple of outlying fragments, and encompasses approximately a half of the Axe Lake ANSI, a half of the Muskoka Heritage Area, and approximately one third of the provincially significant wetland. The ANSI, MHA and PSW include private land; therefore the conservation reserve, which is Crown land, only represents part of these designated areas.

Axe Lake is a popular angling lake, and is also actively used for waterfowl hunting. Big game (moose, deer, bear) hunting is a traditional use of the conservation reserve and its surrounding lands. The site is accessed by snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles by way of an old colonization road and logging road.

Conservation reserves are established under the authority of the Public Lands Act, Ontario Regulation 805/94. Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve was established by Ontario Regulation 148/02 on May 8, 2002.

It appears that a municipal road allowance along the Rome Road, in the south-eastern corner of Lot 28, Concession 1, McMurrich Township, may have inappropriately been included into the conservation reserve. This will be investigated and any necessary corrections will be made to the conservation reserve regulation plan.

A Statement of Conservation Interest (SCI) is prepared under the direction of Procedural Guideline A – Resource Management Planning (PL. Procedure 3.03.05). The purpose of this SCI is to identify and describe the values of Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve. The SCI also outlines the activities that currently occur within the conservation reserve and provides guidelines for the management of current and future activities in the context of protecting the natural, recreational and cultural values.

1.1 Background Information:

Background Information for Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve

Name	Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve (C92)
Site Region/ District	Georgian Bay 5E-8
OMNR Administrative Region/ District/ Area	Southern Region/ Parry Sound District/ Bracebridge Area and Parry Sound Area
Total Area (ha.)	793 hectares
Regulation Date	May 8, 2002 (O. Reg. 148/02)
First Nations	Robinson-Huron Treaty and Williams Treaty
OBM map sheets	10 17 6150 50200, 6150 50250, 6200 50250
Topographic Map	Orrville 31 E/5 Huntsville 31 E/6
UTM co-ordinates	17T 61830 502800 (Centroid)

1.2 Representation

Earth Science Representation:

Bedrock -- Bedrock exposure is rare to absent, and is not a significant feature of this site.

Surficial -- The extensive organic deposits are typical components of the Quaternary Era in southern Ontario.

Life Science Representation:

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve provides the best representation of forested swamp and organic deposits in ecological Site District 5E -8, and is the second most significant site for Atlantic Coastal Plain flora in Ontario. The Axe Lake Wetland complex, part of which is within the conservation reserve boundaries, is a provincially significant wetland, and a Muskoka Heritage Area.

Cultural Resources Representation:

Neither detailed cultural research nor inventory has been carried out for this conservation reserve.

Recent regional evaluation (OMNR, 2003) and other evidence (Allen, 2001) show that this conservation reserve contains areas that have a high potential for cultural heritage sites.

Recreational Opportunities:

A recreational inventory report was prepared for this site based on existing knowledge and data sources of MNR staff, as well as a number of site visits (Gavel, 2001). Currently, it is used for angling, waterfowl and big game hunting, with some access by snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles. The low wet nature of most of the site precludes most other trail activities. Some camping occurs on adjacent private lands on the south and east shores of Axe Lake.

1.3 Survey Work

None

Survey Level	Earth Science	Life Science	Cultural	Recreational	Other
Reconnaissance	Duba & Frey, 2001	Eggers, 2003	OMNR, 2003	Gavel, 2003	None
Detailed	None	None	None	None
Requirement	None	Monitor the status/presence of significant species and associations.	Research to be encouraged	Monitor use impacts	None

2.0 Values to be protected

The conservation reserve is located entirely within Hills’ (1959) ecological Site District 5E -8. Values include earth science, life science and recreational/aesthetic values, with an emphasis on the life sciences.

2.1 Earth Science:

(Earth science information, unless otherwise noted, is taken from Duba & Frey, 2001)

Bedrock:

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve is an area of wetlands with limited bedrock exposure. The site is underlain by grey gneiss, possibly derived from metagranodiorite to metatonalite, and gneissic monzogranite anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite suite rocks of the Seguin Domain, Parry Sound Terrane, in the Central Gneiss Belt of the Proterozoic Grenville Province (Lumbers & Vertolli, 2000 a & b).

The Grenville Province is the product of thrusting and imbrication of the crust to the northwest as it collided with a continental landmass to the southeast. The Grenville Orogeny, circa 1140 to 1070 million years ago, culminated more than 500 million years of crustal evolution. The eroded roots of the products of these events are displayed in the complexly metamorphosed and deformed rocks of the region (Easton, 1992b).

The Parry Sound Terrane is one of the four lithotectonic terranes of the Central Gneiss Belt. The Seguin Domain is one of three structural domains of the Parry Sound Terrane. This geological environment is part of the modern organization of the complex products of the mid-Proterozoic orogenic events (Easton 1992a & b). As such, their representation in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve contributes to the conservation of the Grenville Province continental accretion theme (Davidson, 1981).

Within the Ontario Provincial Park system, the bedrock geological features observed in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve are not significant in their representation of components of the Seguin Domain, Parry Sound Terrane.

Surficial:

A large area, including Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve, was submerged in the expansion of glacial Lake Algonquin during the deglaciation from about 11,500 to 10,200 years before present (BP) (Eastman & Karrow, 1985). Most of the area of the conservation reserve is now underlain by recent swamp and organic deposits. Surficial geology of the conservation reserve is locally significant.

2.2 Life Science:

(Life science information, unless otherwise noted, is taken from Eggers, 2003)

The conservation reserve is located within Hills’ (1959) ecological Site District 5E -8. Life science significance is determined on the basis of the following criteria: representation, diversity, condition, ecological considerations and special features (Crins and Kor, 1998).

Representation:

Axe Lake is a shallow, sand-bottomed lake, with its origins dating from the ancient glacial Lake Algonquin. Its nutrient-rich waters support areas of emergent and floating-leaved aquatic vegetation, including the exceptional assemblage of Atlantic Coastal Plain flora species concentrated on the northern open, sandy-peaty shore (Keddy and Sharp, 1989). The lake is believed to be an important oxidation-sedimentation basin in the Muskoka watershed. It drains via Axe Creek, which flows eastward from the lake to Buck Lake, and south to Lake Vernon. The wetland system acts as a sink and source for the Muskoka watershed system, moderating downstream flows by storing and discharging water; it undergoes an annual one-metre water fluctuation that maintains the Atlantic Coastal Plain flora species.

The area is mainly level with some gentle slopes. Organic deposits have built up over the sand plains creating a large peatland, which is both open and treed bog. These peatland communities dominate the site as black spruce-tamarack-white cedar swamp forest, treed poor fens, and open bog, with the open treed black spruce bog community being of limited distribution in Muskoka. A variety of marsh wetland communities in various successional stages are found in the southern, shallow areas of Axe Lake, including a strip of wetland shrub thicket along the lakeshore separating marsh wetland from upland forest areas. Bedrock knolls covered with sandy till, both within and bordering the wetland, support upland sugar maple--hemlock mixed hardwood forests.

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve covers the bed of Axe Lake and the area surrounding the southern portion of the lake, as well as a large parcel to the east. The conservation reserve, being limited to Crown land, covers approximately one third of the provincially significant wetland which also includes private lands.

Condition:

The upland forests show evidence of past logging by the single tree selection system in the mid-1980s, and they are now in a successional regeneration stage. There are no pits or quarries within the site, and no registered mining claims.

Access by road and trail is limited within the conservation reserve, owing to the wetland nature of the site. However there is road access to the eastern side of the conservation reserve along an old colonization road corridor that follows and parallels the municipal road allowance between Stisted and McMurrich Townships. This joins with the Yearley Road to the east of this site. The old colonization road passes south-west/north-east through the main portion of the site in Stisted Township, and a logging road (from the 1980’s) follows part of its corridor. An extension of the colonization road formerly crossed Axe Creek at its exit from Axe Lake, although the bridge that crossed here is now evidenced only by some sunken logs. This north/south trail provided access to a homestead on the east side of Axe Lake, outside of this conservation reserve. It is now used to gain access to Axe Lake for angling, hunting and canoeing. The main logging road is used by all-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles.

Diversity:

The conservation reserve is dominated by conifer swamp, which, according to Forest Resources Inventory (FRI) information, supports mainly balsam fir (Abies balsamaea), black spruce (Picea mariana), eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), and tamarack (Larix laricina). Upland areas support forests dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), with associates of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), white birch (Betula papyrifera), and some elm (Ulnus americana), white spruce (Piceae glauca), and white pine (Pinus strobus). Red oak (Quercus rubra) and cedar (Thuja occidentalis) are common along the shoreline bedrock exposures. During a 1993 Natural Heritage Evaluation of the Axe Lake Peatland, half of which is represented in the conservation reserve, 186 vascular plants were recorded, 12 of those being introduced species. The 1995 wetland evaluation identified 5 provincially significant plant species, 2 regionally significant species, and 4 locally significant species. Of the vascular plants recorded at the site, 15 were Atlantic Coastal Plain flora species, although the privately owned northern end of Axe Lake supports most of the noteworthy flora. The southern portion of Axe Lake, which falls within the boundaries of the reserve, is shallow marsh wetland dominated by water lilies (Nymphaea odorata). Floating sphagnum and shrub mats with pitcher plants (Sarracenia purpurea), sundews (Drosera spp.), calopogon (Calopogon tuberosus), bladderworts (Utricularia spp.), and Virginia chain fern (Woodwardia virginica) dominate the southern shoreline. Sweet bayberry (Myrica gale) dominates the shrub thicket marsh separating the marsh wetland from the upland forest. Overall, the site displays an excellent array of wetland communities, owing to the combination of organic and inorganic (sand) substrates, and successional nature of the wetland.

Completion of natural heritage gap analysis revealed that there are 17 combinations of vegetation and landform present in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve. The gap analysis project involved identifying vegetation and landform combinations that were not adequately represented in protected areas at the time, so that sites chosen for Ontario’s Living Legacy could protect more of these combinations. The Axe Lake site was not chosen expressly for protection of specific landform/vegetation combinations, although 14 of its 17 combinations make critical contributions to meeting the goals for protection of these combinations in the site district (Ontario Parks, 2003).

From a wildlife perspective, the large area of wetland connected to the conservation reserve supports good populations of black bear and moose. The conservation reserve is also adjacent to a deer wintering area that occupies the northern end of the Axe Lake ANSI. The wetland evaluation noted the presence of 5 fur bearers: red fox (Vulpes vulpes), river otter (Lutra canadensis), skunk (Mephitis mephitis), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), and red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Ten species of mammals were observed during the natural heritage evaluation, as well as 44 species of birds (during breeding season), 7 species of herptofauna, 7 species of butterflies, and 17 species of dragonflies (Reid and Bergsma, 1994).

Ecological Considerations

The wetland represented by the conservation reserve is important for both its’ hydrological function in the Muskoka watershed, and as habitat for rare Atlantic Coastal Plain flora species.

Special Features:

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve provides excellent habitat for several rare species with Atlantic Coastal Plain flora affiliation, including twining screwstem (Bartonia paniculata spp. paniculata ranked S1 – extremely rare in Ontario), pondweed (Potamogeton confervoides ranked S2 – very rare), and Pondweed (Potamogeton bicupulatus), meadow beauty (Rhexia virginica), Virginia woodfern (Woodwardia virginica), and Carolina yellow-eyed grass (Xyris difformis), all four ranked S3 (rare). Of the fauna, black-backed woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is uncommon in Ontario, and spruce grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) is locally significant.

2.3 Cultural Values:

While no specific cultural studies or inventories have been undertaken within the conservation reserve, and no major cultural resource values have been evaluated or identified to date, recent regional evaluation (OMNR, 2003) and other evidence (Allen, 2001) shows that this conservation reserve contains areas that have a high potential for cultural heritage sites. Allen (2001, 2004) believes that Axe Lake and its exit creek are part of obvious winter and summer Aboriginal travel routes between Buck Lake and Bear Lake.

A colonization road passing through the site south of Axe Lake provided access to a homestead on the east side of the lake in McMurrich Township, but the lands within the conservation reserve, being generally low and wet, are not likely to show evidence of historical activities other than logging. Upland areas near Axe Lake, where historic remnants may be located, are generally outside of the conservation reserve boundaries.

2.4 Recreational/Aesthetic Values:

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve is a long-standing traditional hunting area for moose, deer and bear. Waterfowl hunting is also actively carried out on Axe Lake. This lake is also noted as a good warm - water fishery, with a healthy population of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fish stocking records (MNR) show that smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were introduced to Axe Lake in the mid-1940s; brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Kamloops trout, were introduced annually from 1954 to 1959; and largemouth bass were introduced in 1978 and 1986. Largemouth bass reproduction was most successful, and exceeded expectations.

There are no Crown land recreational camps situated in the site, but two private land hunt/fish camps, which may also function as summer cottages, are located on the west shore of Axe Lake, and other private recreation camps are located on nearby roads from the east and north. There is some camping associated with the angling and hunting activity on Axe Lake, but all of the sites appear to be on adjacent private lands, and not within conservation reserve boundaries.

Boats and canoes gain access to Axe Lake mostly from the east, by way of the logging/colonization road. Until recently, a bridge provided vehicle access across Axe Creek on the road allowance between McMurrich and Stisted Townships. As of summer, 2003, this bridge appeared unsuitable for motor vehicle traffic, but still allowed all-terrain vehicle access into the site, and through it to Axe Lake. The actual canoe/boat access to the lake has traditionally been from private land in Lot 30, Concession 1, McMurrich Township.

All-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles also use the logging roads and old colonization road to pass through the conservation reserve, and to gain access to Axe Lake. The proximity of the conservation reserve to an OFSC Trunk Trail, the number of local Du-Ya Wanna Trailriders Club trails surrounding the site, and the unauthorized trail running through the site, all indicate a high volume of snowmobile traffic.

The distance of this conservation reserve from urban areas has resulted in a relatively pristine night sky, which enhances the sense of remoteness and wilderness of this site. Pristine night skies are considered a significant value, given the increasingly limited areas of southern and central Ontario that are not heavily affected by light pollution.

3.0 Management Guidelines

3.1 Land Tenure:

Background:

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve consists of 793 hectares of Crown land, located about 23 kilometres northwest of the Town of Huntsville. It is located in Stisted Ward in the Town of Huntsville and Cardwell Ward in the Township of Muskoka Lakes (both within the District Municipality of Muskoka) as well as in the Township of McMurrich/Monteith in the Territorial District of Parry Sound. It is surrounded mainly by privately owned lands, which are not part of this conservation reserve. The municipal road allowances, including the road allowance of the old colonization road that crosses the major portion of the site, south of Axe Lake, are not a part of the conservation reserve.

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve is mostly surrounded by private land. There is no intent to acquire adjacent private lands for addition to the conservation reserve.

The conservation reserve is surrounded by Bear Management Area PS-49-09, but the area of the conservation reserve is excluded. It lies mostly within two Bait Fish Blocks (PS0145 to the north, and PS0169 to the south, with a small outlying block to the west in PS0166). It is not within a registered trapline area; however, resident trappers may be licensed to trap within and around the site. There are no authorized recreation camps within the boundaries of the conservation reserve.

Guideline:

The sale of Crown lands within the conservation reserve is generally not permitted. Exceptions will only be considered under unusual circumstances, such as where an adjacent privately owned parcel has inadequate area for the installation of a septic system; this circumstance is unlikely to apply for this conservation reserve.

There are no plans by the MNR to acquire private lands to add to the conservation reserve. However, MNR may consider donations of private lands within the provincially significant wetland as additions to the conservation reserve.

The Bait Fish Blocks, currently assigned, are permitted to continue. While not within a registered trapline area, local trapping may be authorized within this site through resident trapping licences. Commercial bear hunting service associated with the current surrounding Bear Management Area is not allowed within the boundaries of the conservation reserve. This site, or portions of it, cannot be incorporated into a Bear Management Area.

New recreation camps are not permitted in this conservation reserve.

3.2 Development:

Background:

There are no Crown owned buildings or other facilities within the conservation reserve.

An old colonization road (Cardwell Colonization Road) crosses the site, from southwest to the east, south of Axe Lake. While the colonization road lies within a municipal road allowance (and hence is not included as part of the conservation reserve), logging roads constructed in the 1980’s also provide access to and within the site. These roads follow portions of the old colonization road, but also deviate from it and where they do they are within the conservation reserve.

"Rome Road", providing access to this site from the east and probably part of the old colonization road, lies partly along the municipal road allowance between Stisted and McMurrich Townships. A bridge on this municipal road crosses Axe Creek, providing access into the conservation reserve from the east, and through it to private land in Lot 30, Concession 1, McMurrich Township, which is the main access to Axe Lake by boat and canoe. It also allows access by snowmobile to the snowmobile trail along the old colonization road through the site. This bridge was most recently upgraded in the 1980’s for logging purposes. As of summer 2003, this bridge did not appear in a condition to support motor vehicle traffic. If the bridge is not maintained by the municipality, access to Axe Lake is still possible by canoe through Axe Creek.

A trail follows a portion of logging road from the bridge and old colonization road to the private land in Lot 30, Concession 1, McMurrich Township on the shore of Axe Lake. This is currently the primary access point to Axe Lake for boats and canoes.

There are two private recreation camps / cottages on the west side of Axe Lake, outside the boundaries of the conservation reserve. However, the lakebed immediately in front of these properties is a part of the conservation reserve, so the docks in front of these properties are within the site.

Guideline:

New roads for resource extraction and/or private use will not be permitted, nor will additions to existing logging roads or up grading of the existing trail through the site to private land be permitted. There is no intention to develop or improve roads outside of the conservation reserve to improve access to this site.

The bridge across Axe Creek is not required for purposes of management of this conservation reserve. Discussions with the appropriate municipality will be conducted to determine the municipality’s intentions for this structure.

Since the entire lakebed of Axe Lake is within the conservation reserve, although mostly bordered by private lands, only minimal shoreline facilities (docks, ramps) will be authorized. The use of shoreline facilities will be monitored to ensure that conservation reserve values are not being adversely impacted. MNR will not issue work permits for modifications to the shoreline or lakebed.

New recreational trails may be considered on a case by case basis provided that they meet Procedural Guideline B - Land Uses - Test of Compatibility (see Appendix 1) and the MNR's Environmental Assessment Act requirements. Public consultation will generally be required during the consideration of changes to existing trails, and will always be required for new trails. New recreational trails will not be permitted in or within 120 metres of the provincially significant wetland unless it has been demonstrated that there will be no negative impacts on the natural features or the ecological functions of the wetland.

New recreational trails for motorized vehicles will not be permitted, unless the following have been demonstrated:

• there is a community need for the trail, as well as community support;
• there are no alternative suitable locations outside the conservation reserve;
• the trail location would be acceptable and suitable for four-season use;
• the trail would meet the requirements applicable to all trails, as identified in the preceding paragraph.

Unauthorized works within the conservation reserve will be handled in accordance with the Public Lands Act, and any required removal of improvements will be at the expense of those responsible.

No mineral exploration is permitted within this conservation reserve. This policy direction is based on a commitment made by the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines in March 2002. This direction replaces that identified in the 1999 Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy (OMNR, 1999), which stated that controlled mineral exploration would be permitted in new conservation reserves which were identified as having provincially significant mineral potential.

Any new development must meet MNR’s commitments to protect cultural heritage values (see Section 3.7).

While there is no intent at present to provide or permit any new development in this conservation reserve that would require lighting, should this be considered at some point in the future the MNR will not allow unnecessary, undirected light pollution. This commitment recognizes the wilderness values provided by a pristine night sky.

3.3 Recreational Activities:

Background:

The area accommodates fishing, waterfowl hunting and big game hunting.

This lake is noted as a good warm-water fishery, with a healthy population of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and Kamloops trout, were introduced into Axe Lake for several years during the 1940s and 1950s without much apparent success. MNR introduced largemouth bass into Axe Lake in 1978 and 1986, and these stockings were very successful. Once the population became established, adult fish were used to stock other Parry Sound District lakes.

Axe Lake supports good waterfowl nesting sites and is a migratory stopover area; thus, Axe Lake is actively used for waterfowl hunting. Most of the big game hunting focus is on moose, but white-tailed deer and black bear are also hunted in the area.

While there are no Crown land recreational camps situated in the site, adjacent private recreation camps are located on the west shore of Axe Lake, and nearby roads from the east and north. There is some camping associated with the angling and hunting activity on Axe Lake, but all of the sites appear to be on adjacent private lands, and not within conservation reserve boundaries.

Boats and canoes gain access to Axe Lake mostly from the east, by way of the logging/colonization road across Axe Creek, on the road allowance between McMurrich and Stisted Townships. Some boat access is by way of the private land camps/cottages on the west side of Axe Lake, and canoes also use Axe Creek to enter the south end of Axe Lake.

All-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles also use the logging roads and old colonization road to pass through the conservation reserve, and to gain access to Axe Lake. The proximity of the conservation reserve to an OFSC Trunk Trail, the number of local Du-Ya Wanna Trailriders Club trails surrounding the site, and the unauthorized trail running through the site, all indicate a high volume of snowmobile traffic.

There is little evidence of the use of the conservation reserve by other trail activities, (e.g. hiking, cycling) probably because of the low, wet nature of most of the site.

Guideline:

Angling and hunting are permitted to continue within the conservation reserve.

Recreational use such as hiking, wildlife viewing, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing, while currently very limited in extent and therefore not managed, will be allowed to occur in the conservation reserve.

The use of logging roads and the old colonization road, and any increase in use of snowmobiles or all-terrain vehicles will be monitored, to ensure that the conservation reserve values are not being adversely impacted. Depending on the results of monitoring, use of trails other than the old colonization road (which is not a part of the conservation reserve), may need to be redirected or eliminated completely. There is no intent to mark or upgrade such trails.

As discussed in Section 3.2 Development, new recreational trails may be considered on a case by case basis provided that they meet Procedural Guideline B – Land Uses – Test of Compatibility (see Appendix 1) and the MNR's Environmental Assessment Act requirements. Public consultation will generally be required during the consideration of changes to existing trails, and will always be required for new trails. New recreational trails will not be permitted in or within 120 metres of the provincially significant wetland unless it has been demonstrated that there will be no negative impacts on the natural features or the ecological functions of the wetland. Any new trails must meet MNR’s commitments to protect cultural heritage values (see Section 3.7).

New recreational trails for motorized vehicles will not be permitted, unless the following have been demonstrated:

• there is a community need for the trail, as well as community support;
• there are no alternative suitable locations outside the conservation reserve;
• the trail location would be acceptable and suitable for four-season use;
• the trail would meet the requirements applicable to all trails, as identified in the preceding paragraph.

The use of unauthorized recreational trails that existed at the time of regulation of these conservation reserves, and any increase in use of snowmobiles or all-terrain vehicles will be monitored to ensure that conservation reserve values are not being adversely impacted. Depending on the results of monitoring, unauthorized trails may need to be redirected from sensitive areas or eliminated completely. There is no intent to mark or upgrade these trails. Off-trail use of snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles is not permitted, except for the direct retrieval of game.

New recreational activities will be considered on a case by case basis provided they are consistent with maintaining the values of the conservation reserve and comply with Procedural Guideline B – Land Uses – Test of Compatibility (Appendix 1). Emphasis will be placed on activities that have a low impact on the environment of the conservation reserve.

Monitoring of existing and permitted activities will be undertaken as required to ensure that the conservation reserve values are not being adversely impacted.

3.4 Commercial Activities:

Background:

There has been no recent commercial forest harvesting (since the 1980’s) or mining activity within the conservation reserve.

Bait fish harvesting is authorized through three Bait Fish Block licences which cover the site. Trapping can be authorized through resident trapping licences. The guiding of non-resident bear hunters is not authorized within the conservation reserve. These activities were discussed in Section 3.1 Tenure – Background.

Guideline:

Fur harvesting and bait fish harvesting operations are allowed to continue within the conservation reserve. New trapline cabins are not permitted within conservation reserves.

Mineral exploration is not allowed in this conservation reserve, as discussed in Section 3.2.

Conservation reserve regulations do not permit mining, commercial forest harvesting, hydroelectric power development, the extraction of aggregate and peat or other industrial uses (Public Lands Act, Ontario Regulation 805/94). Other new commercial activities must meet the requirements of Procedural Guideline B – Land Uses – Test of Compatibility (Appendix 1).

3.5 Aboriginal Interests:

Background:

This site is known to be of interest to many First Nation communities. There are 2 treaties associated with the area: the Robinson – Huron Treaty of 1850 and the Williams Treaty. A Supreme Court decision in 1994 (Howard) validated that the Williams Treaty surrendered hunting, fishing and trapping rights of those First Nations affiliated with that treaty.

Guideline:

The regulation and management of this conservation reserve will not impede the exercise of existing aboriginal or treaty rights. These rights include hunting, fishing, fur harvesting, gathering of plants for a variety of purposes, and the use of ceremonial sites. It is recognized that the manner in which these rights are carried out is not limited to the manner in which they were carried out in the past, but has evolved over time with changes in technology.

While there are no existing First Nation land claims that extend to this site, it is recognized that at some point in the future there is a possibility of a land claim in this area. If such a land claim is determined to be valid, the conservation reserve designation is not irreversible and does not preclude consideration of these lands in the settlement of a claim. If deregulation of part or all of a conservation reserve occurs as part of the settlement of a claim, this will be carried out at no cost to First Nations.

3.6 Natural Resource Stewardship:

Background:

Vegetation management for specific purposes (other than historic logging) is not known to have occurred in the past. Wildlife management and fisheries management have been occurring according to the prevailing policies and legislation. Axe Lake, an excellent warm water fishery, received several fish stocking attempts, with the introduction of largemouth bass in the 1970s and 1980s being particularly successful. Axe Lake was a source lake for adult largemouth bass, used to stock other Parry Sound District lakes.

A deer wintering area at the northern end of Axe Lake lies outside of the conservation reserve boundaries.The emphasis will be on ensuring that the natural values of the conservation reserve are not negatively affected by current and future activities. Therefore, applications for new specific uses will be carefully studied and reviewed. Necessary studies may be undertaken by proponents, the Ministry, and/or partner organizations.

Guideline – Vegetation:

The intent of this site is to allow the existing vegetation communities to evolve naturally.

In accordance with existing conservation reserve policy and the Forest Management Strategy for Ontario, forest fire protection will endeavour to use "light on the land" techniques, which do not unduly disturb the landscape, in this conservation reserve. Examples of light on the land techniques may include limiting the use of heavy equipment, and limiting the number of trees felled during fire response efforts. Input from the local MNR Area Supervisors would be solicited if a forest fire threatens the area. Opportunities for prescribed burning to achieve resource management objectives may be considered. Plans for any prescribed burning will be developed in accordance with the OMNR Prescribed Burn Planning Manual.

Programs may be developed to control forest insects and diseases in the conservation reserve where these threaten significant values in or adjacent to the site. Where insects or disease threaten significant values, in or adjacent to the site, and MNR determines that control is warranted, control within the conservation reserve will be directed by the MNR as narrowly as possible to the specific insect or disease. Biological control will be used wherever possible. In all cases, regard shall be had for Procedural Guideline B – Land Uses – Test of Compatibility (Appendix 1).

Because of the significance of the emergent and floating-leaved aquatic vegetation, including the exceptional assemblage of Atlantic Coastal Plain flora species concentrated on the northern open, sandy-peaty shore, the use of the lakebed by adjacent private land activities will be monitored, and may be restricted to ensure that there is minimal impact. MNR will monitor the effect of motor boats on the emergent and floating aquatic vegetation, and will consider restricting the use of powered watercraft on Axe Lake if research indicates a concern.

Guideline – Wildlife and Fisheries:

The relevant Ontario hunting and fishing regulations will guide these activities within Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve. Fur harvesting and bait fish harvesting will be managed through the maintenance of the current licencing system.

The Ministry will monitor the impacts of snowmobile and all-terrain vehicles use on the natural values of the conservation reserve.

3.7 Cultural Resource Stewardship:

Background:

No specific cultural studies or inventories have been undertaken within the conservation reserve, and no specific significant cultural resource values have been evaluated or identified to date. Recent regional evaluation (OMNR, 2003) and other evidence (Allen, 2001) show that this conservation reserve contains areas that have a high potential for cultural heritage sites.

There was little homesteading or other development along the portions of the old colonization road crossing through the conservation reserve, probably because the low, wet nature of the site was not conducive to such activity.

Guideline:

Should the MNR consider either carrying out or permitting new structural development, significant clearing of vegetation or altering of land within this conservation reserve, the MNR will adhere to the cultural heritage resource screening process as is identified in its Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Ministry of Culture. While the purpose of this MOU is to provide a process to identify and protect cultural heritage resources when the MNR is reviewing work permits or disposing of Crown rights under the authority of the Public Lands Act, the considerations and criteria would also enable the MNR to identify high potential cultural heritage areas for other purposes within conservation reserves. If the screening process indicates that the site of a proposed activity is within an area of high cultural heritage potential, the MNR will consult with the Ministry of Culture to determine the appropriate cultural heritage assessment requirements and will undertake a preliminary archaeological assessment if appropriate.

Interested partners will be encouraged to undertake inventories, studies, and research to document the histories of First Nations, settlement, resource harvest/management and recreation in the area. The MNR will discuss the appropriateness of any proposed archaeological assessment with local First Nations and the Ministry of Culture.

3.8 Client Services:

Background:

Access to the conservation reserve has generally been confined to traditional uses for the current commercial and recreational activities. There are no Crown facilities or services developed on or adjacent to the conservation reserve. The information fact sheet for this conservation reserve is currently available to the public through the Parry Sound District Office, Bracebridge Area Office or via the Internet at www.ontarioslivinglegacy.com (link no longer active). An additional fact sheet about the values of Axe Lake Wetland will be available at the MNR offices in Parry Sound and Bracebridge.

Guideline:

The focus will remain on low key information and self-interpretation of conservation reserve values and features. Consideration will be given to the preparation of an information brochure (with map) to highlight the features for which the area was identified and appropriate uses to ensure the protection of those features.

Because of the unusual situation where the bed of Axe Lake is part of the conservation reserve, but adjacent lands and shoreline are privately owned, communication with adjacent land owners will emphasize the special nature and sensitivity of the aquatic vegetation, and limitations to development of the lakebed.

Consideration will be given to the strategic location of identity signs where the public roads border the conservation reserve, and where trails approach or cross the conservation reserve boundary. There are no other plans for structural development within this conservation reserve.

3.9 Research:

Background:

Research to date has included a number of reconnaissance surveys to document earth science, life science and recreation values.

Guideline:

Research focussing on the assessment of use/activity impacts on wildlife species and habitats will be encouraged.

All research will be carried out in a non-destructive manner. Research proposals must follow Procedural Guideline C – Research Activities in Conservation Reserves (Appendix 3).

3.10 Marketing:

Background:

There has been no marketing of this conservation reserve to date. Promotion and information about this site has been primarily through the Ontario’s Living Legacy planning process and recent MNR Parry Sound District public consultation regarding the boundaries of this site.

Guideline:

Marketing activities of this conservation reserve will be kept to a minimum.

4.0 Implementation

Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve is managed under the direction of the District Manager of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Parry Sound District. Administrative responsibility belongs to the Bracebridge Area Supervisor for the Muskoka part of the site, while the Parry Sound Area Supervisor manages the McMurrich/Monteith portion. The Area Offices will continue to have the custodial care of Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve. Emphasis will be placed on awareness information highlighting reserve values, and monitoring and managing the current approved uses.

Priorities will include:

• Ensure compliance to prescribed management direction of the approved SCI;
• GPS location of existing old colonization road, logging roads, trails, and the bridge over Axe Creek, and classify their status and condition;
• Discuss the status of the Axe Creek Bridge with appropriate municipal authorities;
• Investigate the ownership of the Rome Road where it extends into the conservation reserve, and determine if any corrections should be made to the conservation reserve regulation plan to exclude municipal road allowance;
• Monitor and evaluate existing and allowed recreational and commercial use levels and impacts as required to ensure that conservation reserve values are not being adversely impacted;
• Encourage further inventory and research on the Atlantic Coastal Plain flora and other significant life science resources of the conservation reserve;
• Monitor the impact of motorized watercraft on the emergent and floating aquatic vegetation of Axe Lake;
• Develop information on the values of this conservation reserve and possible impacts of shoreline activities for the benefit of adjacent private land owners;
• Encourage research about impacts of snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles on significant flora and fauna species and communities of the site;
• Encourage further inventory and research of the cultural resources of the conservation reserve;
• Support cooperative ongoing education of resource users and adjacent land private owners with respect to resource and land stewardship values, in order to maintain the ecological integrity of the site; and
• Provide client services (e.g. brochure or fact sheet) at nearby MNR offices.

5.0 Review and Revision of the Statement of Conservation Interest

This Statement of Conservation Interest will be amended through a standard process of minor and major amendments. Minor amendments will be processed in a relatively informal manner and will require the approval of the two Area Supervisors. These amendments will deal with uses and activities that do not affect any of the policies in this SCI (e.g. new uses and/or activities that are consistent with existing permitted uses).

Uses and/or activities that were not anticipated in the approved SCI and which may have an impact on the values of the conservation reserve will require a major amendment. This will include an opportunity for public comment and input, and will require the approval of the District Manager and Regional Director.

6.0 References

Allen, B. 2001. C92 Axe Lake Wetland. E-mail to Dorothy Shaver (MNR District Planner, Parry Sound) dated July 31, 2001.

2004. C92 Axe Lake Wetland. E-mail to Dorothy Shaver (MNR District Planner, Parry Sound) dated January 28, 2004.

Brunton, D. F. 1991. Axe Lake ANSI Significant Life Science Area Checklist. In OMNR. 1993. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 5E-8.

Crins, W. J. and Kor, P. S. G. 1998. Natural Heritage Gap Analysis Methodologies Used by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Unpublished Paper. Peterborough: OMNR.

Chambers, B. A., and B. J. Naylor, J. Nieppola, B. Merchant, P. Uhlig. 1997. Field Guide to Forest Ecosystems of Central Ontario. Queen’s Printer for Ontario.

Deary Environmental Consultants and OMNR. 1995. Axe Lake Wetland Evaluation.

Davidson, R. J. 1981. A framework for the conservation of Ontario’s earth science features. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto, 262 p.

Duba, D. and Frey, E. D. 2001. C99 Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve. Earth Science Report, OMNR Peterborough.

Easton, R. M. 1992a. The Grenville Province and the Proterozoic history of central and southern Ontario; in Geology of Ontario, Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume. 4, Part 2, p.715-904.

1992b. Tectonic evolution of Ontario. Part 3: Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southeast margin of Laurentia; in Geology of Ontario, Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 4, Part 2, p.1302-1314.

Eggers, K. 2003. Natural Heritage Area — Life Science Checksheet: Axe Lake Wetland. OMNR Parry Sound.

Eschman, R. M. and Karrow, P. F. 1985. Huron Basin Glacial Lakes: A review. p79-93 in Quaternary Evolution of the Great Lakes. Edited by P. F. Karrow and P. E. Calkin, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 30.

Gavel, P. 2003. Recreation Resource Inventory Report. Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve. OMNR Parry Sound.

Hills, G. A. 1959. A Ready Reference to the Description of the Land of Ontario and its Productivity. Ont. Dept. of Lands and Forests, Division of Research, Maple, Ontario.

Keddy, C. J. and Sharp, M. J. 1989. Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora Conservation in Ontario. Natural Heritage League and World Wildlife Fund.

Kor, P. S. G. and Delorme, R J. 1989. Quaternary Geology of the Magnetawan Area, Southern Ontario: Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P. 3134, Scale 1:50,000

Lumbers, S. B. and Vertolli, V. M. 2000a. Precambrian geology, Huntsville Area; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P3413. Scale 1:50,000

2000a. Precambrian geology, Orrville Area; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P3414. Scale 1:50,000

Noble, T. W 1983. Biophysiographic Analysis, Site Region 5E, Algonquin Region, Ministry of Natural Resources. Algonquin Region, Huntsville.

OMNR. 1987. Statement of Interest for Axe Lake Area of Natural and Scientific Interest.

1983. District Land Use Guide: Parry Sound and Bracebridge.

1993. Ontario Wetland Evaluation System: Northern Manual.

1999. Ontario’s Living Legacy: Land Use Strategy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario

2003. Cultural Heritage Registered Site Reserves and Areas of High Potential, Parry Sound District, Scale 1:150,000.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Procedural Guideline B – Land Uses – Test of Compatibility (PL Procedure 3.03.05)

The conservation reserve policy provides broad direction with regard to the permitted uses. The policy provides only an indication of the variety of uses that will be considered acceptable in conservation reserves. The only caution is that "any new uses, and commercial activities associated with them, will be considered on a case by case basis, and, they must pass a test of compatibility to be acceptable." What does a ‘test of compatibility’ mean?

An examination of this must start from the premise of why an area is set as ide – specifically, its representative natural heritage values. Criteria are then identified to guide compatibility considerations. These criteria apply to the long-term acceptability of both existing uses and new uses.

1. Conformity to SCI/RMP: SCI describe values for which an area has been set aside and the range of appropriate uses that will be permitted in the area. SCI may also speak to the acceptability of other ‘new’ uses currently not occurring in the area.

   The first ‘test’ is: "do proposed new land uses and/or commercial activities conform to the direction of the SCI/RMP for the conservation reserve? Would the new use(s) depart from the spirit of appropriate indicator land uses in the SCI/RMP?"

2. Impact Assessment: If the proposed use(s) pass test 1 it is important to determine their impact on the area before they are approved. This should include the following:
   • Impact on natural heritage values: "will the new use(s) impact any natural values in the area? If so how and to what degree? Is it tolerable?"
   • Impact on cultural values: "will the new use(s) impact an historical or archaeological values in the area?"
   • Impact on research activities: "will the new use(s) affect research activities in the area?"
   • Impact on current uses: "will the new use(s) have any negative impact on the array of current uses?"
   • Impact on area administration: "will the new use(s) increase administrative costs and/or complexity?" (For example, the cost of area monitoring, security and enforcement).
   • Impact on accommodating the use outside the conservation reserve: "Could the use(s) be accommodated as well or better outside the conservation reserve?"
   • Impact on socio-economics of the area: "will the new use(s) affect the community(ies) surrounding the area in a positive or negative way?" (For example, will the new use make an area less remote thereby affecting a local tourism industry that is dependent on the area’s remoteness for its appeal?"
   • Impact on area accessibility: "does the new use(s) give someone exclusive rights to the area or a portion of the area to the exclusion of other existing uses?"

The following table (Appendix 2) provides a guide of indicator uses for the consideration of uses that may be permitted within conservation reserves. For any specific conservation reserve that test of compatibility should be applied to determine which specific uses are acceptable.

Appendix 2: Indicator Uses for Conservation Reserves: Generic and Specific

Recreation

Activities	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) Existing	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) New	Specific Application in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve C92
Sport fishing	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sport hunting	Yes	Yes	Yes
Food gathering	Yes	Yes	YesA
Facility infrastructure	Maybe	Maybe	Maybe
Off-trail snowmobiling	No1	No1	No1
Off-trail all-terrain vehicle use	No1	No1	No1
Rock climbing/caving	Maybe	Maybe	N/A
Canoeing/kayaking	Yes	Yes	Yes
Motorized boating	Yes	Yes	MaybeC
Picnicking	Yes	Yes	Yes
Camping	Maybe	Maybe	Yes
Trails: Hiking	Yes	Maybe	MaybeB
X country skiing	Yes	Maybe	MaybeB
Cycling	Yes	Maybe	MaybeB
Horse riding	Yes	Maybe	MaybeB
Snowmobiling	Yes	Maybe	MaybeB
All-Terrain Vehicles	Yes	Maybe	MaybeB

Science, Education & Heritage Appreciation

Activities	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) Existing	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) New	Specific Application in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve C92
Research	Yes	Yes	Yes
General walking	Yes	Yes	Yes
Photography & Painting	Yes	Yes	Yes
Wildlife viewing	Yes	Yes	Yes
Outdoor Education/Interpretation	Yes	Yes	Yes
Collecting	No	Maybe2	Maybe2

Commercial Activities

Activities	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) Existing	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) New	Specific Application in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve C92
Food harvesting	Maybe	Maybe	No
Fishing	Maybe	Maybe	No
Baitfish harvesting	Yes	Maybe	Yes3
Fur harvesting	Yes	Maybe	Yes3
Trap cabins	Yes	No	Maybe
Resort – outpost camp	Yes	No	No
Outfitting – bear management	Yes	No	Yes3
Wild rice harvesting	Yes	Maybe	N/A

Resource Management

Activities	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) Existing	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) New	Specific Application in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve C92
Inventory monitoring	Yes	Yes	Yes
Featured species management	Maybe	Maybe	Maybe
Natural systems management	Maybe	Maybe	Maybe
Insect and disease control	Maybe	Maybe	Maybe

Industrial Activities

Activities	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) Existing	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) New	Specific Application in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve C92
Timber harvesting	No	No	No
Mineral exploration	No	No	No
Mining	No	No	No
Hydro generation	No	No	No
Energy transmission corridors	Yes	No4	No4
Communications corridors	Yes	No4	No4
Public transportation corridors	Yes	No4	Maybe4
Resource access roads	Maybe	No	No
Private access roads	Maybe	No5	No5

Other Activities

Activities	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) Existing	Generic Policy Permitted? (Yes, No, Maybe) New	Specific Application in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve C92
Land Disposition	Maybe6	No6	No6
Recreation Camps	YesC	No	No

Appendix 3: Procedural Guideline C Research Activities in Conservation Reserves (PL Procedure 3.03.05)

Purpose

To encourage contributions to the goal of conservation reserves by:

• Providing direction for research activities associated with conservation reserves; and
• Establishing a process for the review and approval of proposals by researchers, which could have an impact on the values protected by the conservation reserve.

Definition

Research means any investigation or study of the natural, cultural, economic, management or other features or characteristics of conservation reserves.

Guidelines

Research will be encouraged to provide a better understanding of the natural values protected by a conservation reserve and to advance their protection, planning and management. The Statement of Conservation Interest will define, for each conservation reserve, the key research issues, set out the parameters within which research may occur and identify research needs.

Applications and Approvals

Researchers must apply in writing to the relevant Area Supervisor (s) for permission to conduct research. The request letter must contain a statement explaining why the proposed research should be undertaken in the particular conservation reserve in preference to another location.

Proposals will be reviewed and approved by the relevant Area Supervisor(s), guided by the SCI prepared for each reserve (see Guideline A – Resource Management Planning) and using Guideline B – Land Uses – Test of Compatibility. Permission must be granted in writing, including any conditions to be met in conducting the research, prior to the undertaking of any research project.

Term and Conditions

Permission to conduct research under this policy will be valid for a period of 12 consecutive months from the date of issue. Permission to continue a research project for an additional periods of 12 months or less may be granted upon submission of a written request and a progress report. The Ministry may require the posting of collateral to assure that the terms and conditions of granting permission are met.

The Area Supervisors may suspend or revoke permission at any time for failure on the part of the researcher to meet:

1. The intent of this policy.
2. The requirements under the Public Lands Act, Ontario Regulation 805/94 including all amendments, where applicable.
3. The requirements under any other Act or regulations of Ontario or Canada, including those governing the taking, handling, storing, confining, fur harvesting, excavating and marketing any specimen, artefact, information or action (for example, scientific collector’s permit).
4. The conditions and agreements specified in granting permission.

Final Report

The researcher will submit copies of reports, publications and theses following the results of the project to the relevant Area Supervisor(s).

Notes:

On generic policy application in conservation reserves:

On specific policy application in Axe Lake Wetland Conservation Reserve: