Charleston Lake Provincial Park Management Plan: Amendment

Examination and adjustment history of management direction

Amendment approval statement

October 11, 2016

Dear Sir or Madam:

I am pleased to approve this amendment to the 2007 management plan for Charleston Lake Provincial Park.

The amendment provides an overall vision for the park and a scientific research objective has been added. It contains revised policy direction to enable some necessary park resource management, operations and development projects identified since 2007. Zoning and policy direction has also been updated to account for significant land additions to the park.

I would like to express my appreciation to all those who participated in the planning process.

Yours truly,

Bruce Bateman
Director, Ontario Parks

Management plan approval statement

March 8, 2007

Dear Sir/Madam:

I am pleased to approve the Charleston Lake Provincial Park Management Plan as the official policy for the management and development of this park. The plan reflects the Ministry of Natural Resources' and Ontario Parks' intent to protect the natural and cultural features of Charleston Lake Provincial Park and maintain and develop high quality opportunities for outdoor recreation and heritage appreciation for the residents of Ontario and visitors to the Province.

The document outlines a prioritized implementation strategy for the plan’s elements and summarizes the consultation that occurred as part of the planning process.

There will be an opportunity to inspect the approved management plan for a period of 45 days after its formal release. This allows interested participants in the planning process a final opportunity to determine if their concerns have been considered.

The plan for Charleston Lake Provincial Park will be used to guide the management of the park. It may be reviewed throughout its life span to address changing issues or conditions, and may be amended as the need arises.

I wish to extend my sincere thanks to all those who participated in the planning process.

Yours truly,

Adair Ireland-Smith
Managing Director, Ontario Parks

1.0 Introduction

Charleston Lake Provincial Park is a natural environment class park. Planning and management policies for provincial parks state that natural environment class parks incorporate outstanding recreational landscapes with representative natural and historical features to provide high quality recreational and educational experiences.

The Park is located centrally in the Ottawa-Montreal-Toronto triangle (Figure 1), 60 km northeast of Kingston and 15 km north of the St. Lawrence River, in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville. It lies within the Frontenac Axis area of southeastern Ontario.

Charleston Lake Provincial Park includes lands along the western and eastern shores of Charleston Lake, 46 islands or parts of islands within the lake itself, and lands on the north side of Red Horse Lake.

When the park was regulated in 1975, it comprised an area of 908.7 ha. A park master plan was approved in 1978 as the official policy for the conservation, development and management of the park. Since that time, the park’s area has more than tripled through the addition of Crown land, particularly in the Blue Mountain area, and land donations and partnerships.

Charleston Lake Provincial Park is one of two natural environment class provincial parks located within ecodistrict 6E-10 ^{footnote i[i]} . Other protected areas within this ecodistrict include Thousand Islands National Park, parks of the St. Lawrence Parks Commission and Conservation Areas operated by local Conservation Authorities. The park is identified as a core protected area within the Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve, an international designation that recognizes the ecology, land use, partnerships, and challenges facing this area.

The park includes diverse and significant natural, cultural and recreational resources. Located on the Frontenac Axis, Charleston Lake Provincial Park has the rugged character of the Canadian Shield. Extremely steep, rocky slopes follow much of the park shoreline while inland the terrain is equally rugged with a system of abrupt ridges and valleys. Blue Mountain rises 100 m above Charleston Lake and offers spectacular panoramic views of the park and surrounding area. Because of the great diversity of terrain and vegetation communities, the park is home to a large number of species. The background information, issues and plan alternatives document (OMNR 2002a) provides detailed information on the park’s setting, recreation facilities, natural and cultural heritage features, markets and use.

This approved park management plan guides the management, operation and development of Charleston Lake Provincial Park over a 20 year period. The plan may be reviewed or amended as the need arises. Section 13.0 describes the process for examination and adjustment of the plan.

Figure 1. Regional Setting

Enlarge Figure 1. Regional Setting

2.0 Planning context

The Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006 (PPCRA) requires that management direction is prepared for each protected area in Ontario. This plan fulfils this requirement, and provides the long term direction for managing the protected area, including the purpose, objectives, zoning, protected area policies and implementation priorities.

The PPCRA has two specific principles that guide all aspects of planning and management of Ontario’s system of provincial parks and conservation reserves:

• Maintenance of ecological integrity shall be the first priority and the restoration of ecological integrity shall be considered.
• Opportunities for consultation shall be provided.

Other legislation (i.e. Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA); Ontario Heritage Act, 2005 (OHA)), policies, initiatives (e.g. climate change, invasive species ^{footnote ii[ii]} ) and best practices (e.g. adaptive management, landscape level planning) also provide additional direction for protecting Ontario’s biodiversity and contribute to guiding protected area planning and management.

The Charleston Lake Provincial Park Management Plan has been developed in accordance with all relevant legislation and provincial policies, including the Ontario Provincial Parks: Planning and Management Policies (OMNR 1992) and Brockville District Land Use Guidelines (DLUG) for the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Kemptville District (OMNR 1983). The implementation of projects in this provincial park will comply with the requirements of A Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves (Class EA-PPCR). This may include further opportunities for consultation, as required.

2.1 Ecological integrity

Ecological integrity is a concept that addresses three ecosystem attributes: composition, structure and function. This concept is based on the idea that the composition and structure of the protected area should be characteristic for the natural region and that ecosystem functions should proceed normally. Simply stated, ecosystems have integrity when their lands, waters, native species and natural processes are intact.

3.0 Indigenous communities

Charleston Lake Provincial Park is located within an area of interest of the Mohawks of Akwesasne and the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte and is in an area once occupied by the Anishinabek peoples. Artifacts from rock shelters within the park provide evidence of past use by Indigenous peoples.

MNRF remains open and committed to accommodating section 35 rights as defined under the Constitution Act, 1982 with respect to Aboriginal peoples. This may include, but is not limited to, hunting, fishing, gathering, and commercial fur harvesting, subject to applicable legislation and regulations.

4.0 Provincial park classification

Through park classification, Ontario’s provincial parks are organized into broad categories, each of which has particular purposes and characteristics.

Charleston Lake Provincial Park is classified as a natural environment park. Natural environment parks incorporate outstanding recreational landscapes with representative natural features and historical resources to provide high quality recreational and educational experiences. Charleston Lake Provincial Park has all of these attributes.

5.0 Purpose

The purpose of Charleston Lake Provincial Park is:

The vision for Charleston Lake Provincial Park is one of preservation of the unique and diverse natural, cultural and recreational features of the park.

This vision includes a healthy environment where natural features and native species communities persist free of degradation, and where ecosystem functions continue unimpaired. Long-term protection of the park’s diverse significant natural and cultural heritage resources and outstanding recreational landscapes will continue to provide current and future generations with high quality recreational and educational experiences. The ecological integrity of the area will continue to be protected and enhanced through informed, responsible planning and management decisions.

6.0 Objectives

The Ontario Provincial Parks System has four objectives: protection (which is the park system’s primary objective), heritage appreciation, recreation (which includes tourism), and scientific research. As a natural environment park, Charleston Lake Provincial Park contributes to all four objectives.

The park objectives provide specific direction for park management and are described as follows:

6.1 Protection

This is the primary objective of the park. Protection will not be limited to provincially significant features.

Ontario’s provincial parks play an important role in representing and conserving the diversity of Ontario’s natural features and ecosystems across the broader landscape. Protected areas include representative examples of life and earth science features and cultural heritage features within ecologically or geologically defined regions, commonly known as ecodistricts. Ontario’s 71 ecodistricts are defined based on broad similarities in landforms and predominant vegetation. Charleston Lake and Frontenac are the two provincial parks within ecodistrict 6E-10, protecting natural environments representative of this ecodistrict. Ontario’s ecological land classification system provides the basis for the life science feature assessment, and the geological themes provide the basis for earth science assessment.

6.1.1 Life sciences

The park protects provincially significant landscapes, including lands formerly within the Blue Mountain Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) ^{footnote iii[iii]} , a rugged area with extensive mixed forest and a lowland bog community, all of which provide habitat for many significant species (OMNR 1993). The park also protects areas of provincially significant wetland. The park supports many species at risk ^{footnote iv[iv]} and provincially and regionally significant species (Section 9.3.5). Charleston Lake is one of two lakes with the best natural lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations within the MNRF Kemptville District area.

6.1.2 Earth sciences

The park displays many features that are of earth science significance. The provincially significant landscapes of the Blue Mountain ANSI include important representation of exposed rock ridges, rock barrens and rock cliffs (OMNR 1993). The park is on the boundary between two major physiographic units, and both the rugged Precambrian rocks of the Frontenac Axis and the flat sedimentary rocks of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowlands are of high interpretive value since they are of good quality and often of easy access. The park is of high interpretive value on a regional and local scale. Feature highlights include varying topography, rocks of different ages, folding, crossbeds, conglomerates and rock shelters formed in the Precambrian – Paleozoic contact (OMNR 1974).

6.1.3 Cultural resources

The park has a rich and varied history. There are many registered archaeological sites within the park, including rock shelters and open-air campsites on the shores of Charleston Lake. These sites exhibit evidence of use by Indigenous peoples. The rock shelters are culturally significant. Nineteenth century pioneer agricultural landscapes and a few known historical mine sites are considered of historical interest, providing evidence of European settlement history of the Frontenac Axis.

6.2 Heritage appreciation

Individual and group exploration and appreciation will continue to be encouraged in the park to the extent compatible with and complementary to protection of the park’s natural and cultural heritage values, and recreation objective. The park’s education plan will continue to provide direction to achieve this heritage appreciation objective, through a range of interpretive and educational programmes that reflect the diversity of features and resources in the park (Section 10.1). The programmes target a wide variety of user groups. The plan stresses the relationship of the park to its surrounding landscape (ecosystem approach).

The existing trail system will continue to provide opportunities to interpret natural (terrestrial and aquatic) and cultural (Indigenous and post-European) features.

6.3 Recreation

The park will emphasize non-mechanized, natural environment based experiences to the extent compatible with and complementary to protection of the park’s natural and cultural heritage values. To a great extent the recreation objective was achieved through the previous master plan, through creation of campgrounds, trails, interior campsites and picnic sites. The types of recreation activities within the park vary depending on the various zones within the park. The park will continue to provide opportunities for camping (e.g. campground and walk-in/boat-in), picnicking, swimming, boating, canoeing/kayaking, hiking, snowshoeing/cross-country skiing, nature appreciation (e.g. bird watching/wildlife viewing), photography, fishing, and hunting.

Tourism opportunities will be enhanced by achieving the park’s other objectives and by working with area municipalities and community groups to promote the recreation and tourism values of Charleston Lake Provincial Park. The park will be promoted on the basis of its natural and cultural heritage values. The park will continue to offer day use opportunities for passing travelers as well as destination day use and overnight use opportunities for those attracted from considerable distances. The benefit of attracting day use and overnight visitors to the park will be the contribution to the regional economy through park expenditures and tourist spending.

Charleston Lake Provincial Park will continue to provide park visitors with information about the surrounding area and communities. Recreation development initiatives are further described in Section 10.5.

6.4 Scientific research

The results of scientific research and monitoring can be used to help protect and enhance the ecological integrity of the park. Scientific research provides the best available scientific information to support planning and management decisions that will ensure maintenance of the park’s ecological integrity.

Specific fields of research appropriate to the park are described in Section 10.2.

7.0 Boundary and land tenure

Figure 2 in this plan illustrates the park boundary as regulated under the PPCRA and also includes recommended park additions described below. When the new park boundary that incorporates these additions comes into regulation, the park’s area will increase from 2596 ha to approximately 2891 ha.

As of 2014, the regulated park area included: the western area of the park regulated in 1975 (908.7 ha); lands along the eastern shore of the lake regulated in 1997 and 2001 and commonly referred to as the Blue Mountain area; 43 island holdings, also regulated in 1997; and six parcels of land regulated in 2014, which include a section of the Leeder Block, a portage on Red Horse Lake, a small addition on Slacks Bay, Green Island, and two parcels of land acquired in 2004 and 2005.

The addition of land acquired between 2008 and 2013 required an administrative land use amendment to be completed in 2013 before the parcels were added to the park boundary.

While this plan was prepared several boundary issues were identified. These issues were corrected in 2014 as minor boundary amendments to the park. Any further issues that are identified will be dealt with as they arise and as time and resources allow.

 Park management plan policies apply only to the area within the regulated park boundary. Protection of park values and features will be achieved through appropriate zoning, control of land use activities, education and monitoring of ecological impacts.

Leeder Block

During the planning process approximately 750 ha of Crown land known as the Leeder Block was considered for addition to the park. Of the 750 ha considered, a decision was made to include approximately 89 ha (Figure 2). There is a deeded right of way through this area to an adjacent private lot.

The remainder of the Leeder Block will remain as Crown land. MNRF Kemptville District will continue to manage the natural, cultural and recreational values of this Crown land to complement the park and the goals and objectives of the Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve.

Figure 2. Park Boundary, Zoning, and Development

Enlarge Figure 2. Park Boundary, Zoning, and Development

Park additions

Ontario Parks intends to propose an amendment to regulation under the PPCRA to add to the park two parcels of land acquired through donation and one small parcel of Crown land (Figure 2). The first of these parcels is known as the Sheffield property and was acquired in partnership with the Nature Conservancy of Canada. This property includes approximately 268 ha of land on the north side of Red Horse Lake. The bed of Red Horse Lake within 30 m of the maximum regulated contour along the shoreline of this property will also be included in the park boundary. There is an access easement through the property for an existing road that provides access to three seasonal cottages that are on private land on Red Horse Lake.

The second parcel to be added to the park includes 20 ha of land that is entirely within the Blue Mountain ANSI, which was donated by the Thousand Islands Watershed Land Trust.

The parcel of Crown land to be added to the park includes approximately 10 ha of land south of the portage between Charleston Lake and Red Horse Lake.

An administrative land use amendment was completed in 2013 to recognize these recommended park additions.

Where required, surveys may be completed to precisely locate the park boundary lines both on land and on the water.

7.1 Role of neighbouring lands

Ontario Parks is committed to an ecosystem approach to park planning and management. The PPCRA, which governs activities within provincial parks, pertains only to lands and waters within park boundaries. An ecosystem approach allows park management to consider the relationship between the park and the surrounding environment.

Park managers may consider potential impacts on park values and features from activities occurring on adjacent lands, and potential impacts from park activities on land uses in adjacent areas. Ontario Parks will encourage efforts of adjacent landowners to protect significant natural and cultural features outside park boundaries.

Complementary land use approaches by owners and managers of lands adjacent to the park benefit the natural heritage features of the park and the entire ecosystem. Some provincially significant features (e.g. provincially significant wetlands, Blue Mountain ANSI) cover large areas, and are partly within the park and partly within adjacent private and Crown lands. In recognition of the protection of significant features on their lands, private landowners of such lands may be eligible for incentives, such as the Conservation Land Tax Incentive Program (CLTIP).

7.2 UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve designation

The park is identified as a core protected area within the Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve, which was officially designated in 2002 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This was the third Biosphere Reserve in Ontario and, as of 2015, it is one of 16 in Canada. The Biosphere Reserve area has important natural and ecological values and supports a variety of economic, social and recreational activities. The official UNESCO Biosphere Reserve designation enhances the ability of local people to develop, promote and organize projects and activities linking conservation with social and economic development in their region. The Biosphere Reserve has been endorsed by the municipal, provincial and federal government authorities in the area. Ontario Parks will continue to be involved in the governance of the Biosphere Reserve.

7.3 Lake Management Plan

Local associations have prepared a Lake Management Plan for Charleston Lake. It includes information on physical character, land use and lake health, and action plans for the community of Charleston Lake. As Charleston Lake Provincial Park includes a substantial length of the lake’s shoreline and areas of the bed of the lake, Ontario Parks will continue to have an interest and play a role in protecting the natural heritage of the lake.

8.0 Zoning

Lands within Charleston Lake Provincial Park are zoned in accordance with their environmental and historical features and values and their sensitivity to development. The four zoning categories designated for the park (historical, nature reserve, development and natural environment) are based on the Ontario Provincial Parks: Planning and Management Policies (1992). The zones differentiate the sensitivity of the natural values and cultural heritage resources, and the permissible degree of development, recreational uses and management practices within the provincial park. The percentage of the total park area by zone type is illustrated in Figure 3 .

Figure 3. Zoning as a Percent of Total Area

Enlarge Figure 3. Zoning as a Percent of Total Area

There are twelve distinct zones, as illustrated in Figure 2 , which include: three nature reserve, one historical, six natural environment, and two development zones. Each zone permits certain land uses and is managed in accordance with specific strategies. As a whole, the zones are designed to fulfill the purpose and objectives of the park.

Zone boundaries may be delineated more precisely on the ground, where necessary.

For any future acquired lands, zoning will be consistent with the adjacent park lands, unless alternate zoning is required to protect the values of these lands.

The following sections briefly describe each zone. The area in hectares identified in parenthesis beside each zone description is approximate and includes proposed park additions, where applicable. The resource management policies, recreation activities, and types of development permitted in each type of zone are summarized in Appendix 1.

All resource and recreational uses and facility development will be subject to provincial legislation and policies governing provincial parks, as well as the park specific policies in Sections 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0.

8.1 Nature reserve zones

Nature reserve zones protect provincially significant natural features, their contributions to the environmental diversity of the park and the park system, and their potential for scientific research and public appreciation. These zones include any significant earth and life science features that require management distinct from that in adjacent zones, as well as a protective buffer with an absolute minimum of development. Limited low-impact activities (e.g. hiking, nature appreciation) may be permitted. Monitoring to prove that these activities are not leading to degradation within the zone will also be permitted. Development will be minimal, and may include signs and trails. The park’s three nature reserve zones include approximately 17 percent of the total park area.

Zone NR1 - Tallow Rock Bay & Slim Bay (374 ha)

NR1 extends from zone D1 north to Tallow Rock Bay, and includes upland and wetland areas with a range of relatively undisturbed forest types, rock barrens, all waters of Slim Bay and Mud Bay, and the rocky shoreline of Slim Bay. Species at risk, such as gray ratsnake (Pantherophis spiloides; Frontenac axis population, Threatened), as well as provincially rare ^{footnote v[v]} pitch pine (Pinus rigida), and regionally rare species are found within this zone. This zone includes approximately 5 km of hiking trail, including 300 m of boardwalk, and the portage from Killenbeck Lake to Runnings Bay. One day use picnic site is located on Tallow Rock Bay in this zone. Opportunities for outdoor recreation in this zone are designed and developed for low impact, non-mechanized use.

A small existing ski cabin within this zone is no longer in use and in disrepair and is slated for removal as resources permit.

Zone NR2 - Beech Woods & Hemlock Ridge (101 ha)

NR2 includes an area of rich deciduous forest that is home to rare species and sensitive features. Provincially rare and regionally rare species are found within this zone. Two trails (Hemlock Ridge and Beech Woods) total approximately 5 km and are entirely within this zone. Opportunities for outdoor recreation are designed and developed for low impact, non-mechanized use.

An existing cabin located on Slack’s Bay is adjacent to zone NR2, but is located within zone D2 (Section 8.4).

Zone NR3 - Park Islands (15 ha)

NR3 includes six (6) islands in whole or in part (Big Bluff, Bill, Browns, Buck, Grindstone, and Lena). This zone protects pitch pine and other rare species and sensitive features found on these islands. There are no recreational facilities within this zone.

8.2 Natural environment zones

Natural environment zones include natural landscapes that permit the minimum level of development required to support low-intensity recreational activities. Development will be limited to portages, trails, interior campsites, interior picnic sites, signs necessary for route identification and minimal interpretive facilities. The park’s six natural environment zones include approximately 77 percent of the total park area.

Zone NE 1 – Westside (190 ha)

Much of the land identified as natural environment zone in the 1978 master plan has been incorporated into NR1. This zone encompasses all of the park land and water north of Runnings Bay lying east of NR1.

The purpose of this zone is to provide dispersed recreation with some educational interpretation. This zone includes approximately 7 km of hiking trail and a floating bridge at Slim Bay. Trail facilities are designed to promote exploration and discovery in a natural setting. Four small clusters of interior campsites and one day use picnic site are located within this zone.

Opportunities for outdoor recreation are designed and developed for non-mechanized use. There are three private cottage properties adjacent to the park in this area, accessible only by water.

Zone NE2 - Blue Mountain and Leeders Creek (1474 ha)

Zone NE2 includes the Blue Mountain area of the park, the Leeder Block area of the park (Section 7.0), and a proposed park addition that was donated to the park in 2013 (Section 7.0). This zone contains provincially significant features (e.g. provincially significant wetland, ANSI) that extend beyond the park boundary onto private lands. Most of the area has a rugged terrain with alternating rock ridge and valley topography. There is a diverse ground flora and a range of moderately-mature forest associations with little recent disturbance.

This zone includes the crest of Blue Mountain, which is noted for its scenic view. The area south of the crest supports sensitive features and rare species (e.g. heronry, black spruce (Picea mariana) bog). The zone includes stands of pitch pine, other significant species of plants and animals, and interesting geology. There are a number of provincially and locally rare plants along the shoreline of Leeders Creek.

This zone is suitable for low impact recreational activities such as hiking, cross-country skiing, wildlife viewing and photography. It includes a hiking trail from the Huckleberry Hollow water access point to the crest of Blue Mountain. It also includes an offshoot trail to Mud Lake, which, based on existing mapping, may be only partly within the park (Section 10.4.2). There are two designated picnic sites along the Charleston Lake shoreline.

Hunting occurs within this zone. An existing Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs (OFSC) trail passes through this zone (Section 10.4.3).

Three private water access cottage properties are located along the shoreline adjacent to this zone and surrounded by the park.

An authorized pedestrian access trail to Blue Mountain is proposed, to address traditional access to this area across land from the south. This trail may follow a section of the existing snowmobile trail. This access would be in addition to access by water from the Huckleberry Hollow landing (Section 10.4.2).

If the parking area for the proposed new trail to Blue Mountain cannot be located within the road allowance for either Mountain Street or Blue Mountain Road, a section of park adjacent to the traveled road may be removed from this zone through a plan adjustment and zoned as access, to allow for a staging area for the trail. This area could include the trailhead, parking area, and support facilities (e.g. privies, information display, signs, self-serve fee station).

Zone NE3 - Park Islands (97 ha)

Zone NE3 includes 39 park islands within Charleston Lake, of which three are partly in the park and partly outside the park because of partial private ownership (i.e. Buck, Crow, Deer). These islands contribute greatly to the charm and appeal of the park. Only limited low impact day use is suitable on these islands. Picnic sites are located only on those islands with a suitable land base and terrain. Currently there are two designated island picnic sites, both on Deer Island.

Zone NE4 - Shoreline Centennial (14 ha)

Zone NE4 is surrounded mainly by Charleston Lake and Boathouse Cove. It protects both natural and cultural heritage features and values and provides unique opportunities for heritage appreciation. Limited low-intensity recreational activities are suitable within this zone. Zone NE4 includes the Shoreline Centennial Trail, one interior camping cluster, and one picnic site.

Zone NE5 – Red Horse (275 ha)

Zone NE5 adds both natural and cultural heritage values to the park. It contains the historical portage between Red Horse Lake and Charleston Lake and two properties recommended for addition to the park: the Sheffield property and a parcel of Crown land south of the portage route (Section 7.0).

The zone includes wetlands and Canadian Shield uplands, with rich deciduous forest covering the majority of the landscape. It incorporates significant natural values that are characteristic of the park, including provincially rare species (e.g. pitch pine), habitat for species at risk (e.g. cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerula) and gray ratsnake), and a historical bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nesting site. Both the Sheffield property and the bed of Red Horse Lake extending 30 m from the maximum regulated contour of the shoreline of the property will be included in zone NE5. As a result, the zone will include a large proportion of the Red Horse Lake shoreline that is relatively untouched by human disturbance.

Three private properties are located along the shoreline adjacent to this zone and are surrounded by the park.

Low impact recreational activities are suitable within this zone. Up to ten water access only interior campsites and/or picnic sites may be established along the shoreline of Red Horse Lake, within areas that have been deemed suitable.

Zone NE6 – Park Waters (172 ha)

Zone NE6 includes the areas of the bed of Charleston Lake and Red Horse Lake that are within the park boundary, described as:

• within 30 m of the maximum regulated contour of the shoreline of zones NR1, NR2, NE1, NE2, NE4, NE5, D1, and H1.
• within 10 m of the maximum regulated contour of the shoreline of zones NR3 and NE3 (park islands).
• within 10 m of the maximum regulated contour of Green Island, which is in zone D2.
• within bays, with the exception of Mud Bay and Slim Bay, which are in zone NR1.

This zone also extends 10 m inland along the shoreline of zone D1. The beaches and canoe launch along Runnings Bay and the existing boathouse and docking facility within Boathouse Cove will remain within zone D1.

8.3 Historical zone

Historical zones encompass the significant cultural resources of a park. They generally focus on a specific site (e.g. area of human occupation, building(s)) and that site’s relationship to the surrounding landscape, so they may include a protective buffer around the main feature in the zone. Development is limited to trails; necessary signs; interpretive, educational, research and management facilities; and historical restorations or reconstruction, where appropriate. The park’s one historical zone is approximately two percent of the total park area and includes an area where there is a concentration of cultural heritage sites.

Zone H1 - Sandstone Island (67 ha)

This zone on the peninsula between Runnings Bay and Slacks Bay is an enlargement of the 39 ha area identified in the 1978 master plan. This area includes several registered cultural heritage sites, including archaeological sites (e.g. rockshelters and associated open air sites) and cultural landscapes (e.g. farmsteads, plantation, fencelines). Interpretive and educational programming occur within this zone, primarily on the Sandstone Island Trail.

There are cultural heritage sites outside this zone that, because of their small size and locations, are not included in historical zones.

8.4 Development zones

Development zones contain the area(s) of the park suitable for intensive day-use and car camping activities. They constitute a relatively small portion of most parks. Development may include roads, visitor control structures, beaches, picnic areas, car campgrounds, commercial service facilities, maintenance facilities, park office and orientation, interpretive, educational, research and management facilities. The park’s main development zone (D1) is located on the peninsula between Slacks Bay and Runnings Bay, and includes approximately four percent of the total park area.

There are no Charleston Lake or Red Horse Lake waters within the park’s development zones.

Section 11.0 contains policies for existing development and proposals for new development.

Zone D1 - Development Zone (105 ha)

This zone is a refinement of the original 289 ha area identified in the 1978 master plan, based on a review of natural and cultural resource information. Lands removed from the previous zone boundary were incorporated into zones NR2, H1 and NE4. The purpose of zone D1 is to provide moderate intensity day-use and camping activities within an exceptional natural environment. In conjunction with camping, the zone also provides access to Charleston Lake in the form of boat and canoe launch facilities, and swimming, fishing, and educational opportunities. Seasonal activities such as cross-country skiing and snowshoeing occur throughout the zone. Snowmobiling occurs on the park’s primary road. Cycling occurs on all public roads within the zone.

Approximately 450 m of Woodvale Road passes through this zone and is excluded from the park boundary. Policies specific to this section of road allowance are included within Section 11.2.

This zone contains the existing development in the park including: park office; maintenance complex; gatehouse; one staff cabin; three car campgrounds with a total of 238 developed campsites and four associated comfort stations; trailer dumping station; group camping area with three group campsites accommodating a maximum of 120 campers; visitor centre and associated parking areas; amphitheatre and associated parking area; swimming beaches; canoe launch; boat launch; boathouse; storage barn; wood compound; and wood chip storage area. It also contains trailheads for the Westside System, Shoreline Centennial, Sandstone Island, Beech Woods and Hemlock Ridge trails.

This zone also contains primary and secondary park roads. The primary road is within a 20 m road right of way. The secondary park roads are within a 15 m road right of way. The secondary road that passes through the NR2, H1 and NE4 zones is restricted to authorized users.

Zone D2 – Park Cabins (7 ha)

This zone includes the whole of Green Island in Charleston Lake, with all of its associated cabins and outbuildings.

The zone also includes three other existing cabins and associated outbuildings, each within a footprint extending out 25 m from the exterior walls of the cabin. The cabin adjacent to zone NR2 and the cabin adjacent to zone H1 are used as staff quarters and have road access. The third cabin is along the lake shoreline adjacent to zone NE2 and is water access only. This cabin was donated to the park in 2005, after the private owner was informed that a boundary survey of that area had identified the cabin as being within the park boundary. It has since been converted into a roofed accommodation (Section 10.4.4).

Because of the small size of each individual cabin footprint, only Green Island is shown in zone D2 in Figure 2 .

9.0 Resource management policies

Charleston Lake Provincial Park will be managed in accordance with the policies as set out in the Ontario Provincial Parks: Planning and Management Policies (1992) for natural environment parks. The following polices will guide the management of park resources consistent with the PPCRA, the ESA and with the requirements of the Environmental Assessment Act. All resource management projects will be undertaken consistent with the Class EA-PPCR.

An adaptive management approach will be applied to resource management activities within Charleston Lake Provincial Park. Adaptive management allows for frequent modification of management strategies in response to monitoring and analysis of the results of past actions and experiences.

9.1 Waste management

Sewage from comfort stations and other buildings in zone D1 will continue to be disposed of in septic tank tile field systems within this zone. Sewage from vault privies will be removed from the park for disposal.

Waste consisting of natural materials, such as leaves and grass clippings, will be reused or composted inside the park, where feasible and appropriate. Otherwise, all solid waste will be removed from the park for recycling or disposal.

9.2 Industrial/ commercial uses

The following uses are not permitted in Charleston Lake Provincial Park:

• commercial forestry;
• prospecting, staking mining claims, developing mineral interests, and working mines;
• extraction of sand, gravel, topsoil or peat; and
• commercial hydroelectric power development.

There are five commercial licences that include areas within the park boundary: one commercial food fishing licence and four commercial bait harvesting licences. Existing commercial fishing and bait harvesting on waterbodies wholly enclosed by the park (e.g. Mud Lake) will be phased out. No new operations will be permitted in the park.

There are no commercial fur harvesting licences within the park. This activity was phased out of the park as per provincial park policy and new operations will not be permitted.

9.3 Natural Resources

The diversity of plant and animal life, the lake’s combination of coldwater and warmwater habitats and the park’s attractive scenery have all contributed to the park’s significance as a protected area.

Life science survey and evaluation reports were completed for the Blue Mountain ANSI and Charleston Lake Crown islands (OMNR 1994a), the west area of the park (OMNR 1998) and the Leeder Block (OMNR 2002d). The park supports a diversity of plant and animal species, including a number of species at risk and provincially and regionally rare species. Charleston Lake supports an important coldwater sports fishery.

9.3.1 Land and water

The park purpose, objectives and resource management, operations and development polices endeavor to ensure that park management activities are sustainable and minimize impacts to Charleston Lake and other park waters.

No dams or weirs will be built in the park. Wherever possible, new development or redevelopment will be undertaken so as not to disrupt natural drainage. Wherever possible, natural drainage will be restored where it has been disrupted by past or present development.

The water level of Charleston Lake is controlled by a dam located at the south end of the lake at the community of Outlet, operated by Eastern Ontario Power. The water level is lowered by more than one metre annually each fall before freeze-up (September to October). Since these annual water level fluctuations have been occurring for over 100 years it can be assumed that the significant vegetation species and communities currently along the lake shoreline are able to persist under these conditions.

The two beaches along Runnings Bay within the zone D1 were created in the past using sand from external sources. Wave action and drift have caused beach erosion. In order to maintain a quality recreation beach, various rehabilitation techniques may be utilized, such as adding sand as required to enhance aesthetics and to encourage recreational use. Beach improvements are subject to approval by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, who are responsible for assessing the impacts of shoreline projects on fish habitat and spawning areas.

The park is located within three municipal townships within the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville: Township of Leeds and the Thousand Islands; Township of Athens; and Township of Front and Yonge. MNRF will recommend to the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing that the municipalities be asked to ensure that their official plans appropriately identify the park’s lands and waters. This will ensure that new development or site alteration adjacent to the park is assessed with regard to any potential impacts on the park’s natural heritage features and areas in accordance with the Provincial Policy Statement under the Planning Act.

Additions to the Park

Ontario Parks supports, in principle, the acquisition of property for the purposes of addition to the park, if acquisition will enhance the values of the park. If suitable lands nearby, adjacent to or surrounded by the park become available for acquisition, they will be evaluated with regard to their contribution to park objectives, willing seller/willing buyer and other factors, including available funding. Such lands may include private lands within the Blue Mountain ANSI boundary, properties land-locked by the park (e.g. along the shoreline of Charleston Lake), and lands on islands that are adjacent to the park. Any park addition would require a change to regulation and an amendment to the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas.

9.3.2 Vegetation

Vegetation management will be directed toward promoting the health and diversity of natural vegetation communities, particularly within nature reserve and natural environment zones.

A baseline survey of age and health of pitch pine stands throughout the park has been completed. Non-native ^{footnote vi[vi]} conifer plantations (e.g. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)) within development zones and the historical zone may be removed or thinned. If it is determined that Scots pine plantation areas within the historical zone do not pose a threat to natural values, these plantation areas may be retained as associated with a registered cultural heritage site, within their original footprint.

Native species may be planted for the purposes of campsite or trail rehabilitation and for increasing natural vegetated buffers between campsites.

Vegetation may be mowed, cut or pruned only:

• within zone D1, as required to maintain road safety or to the extent necessary to minimize interference with intensive recreational use;
• to enable resource or recreation management (e.g. trail maintenance) authorized by this plan;
• to enable facility development specifically authorized by this plan; or
• to ensure public safety.

Trees removed as part of a resource management project may be used for the purpose of providing firewood. Forest management will be limited to removal of invasive species and selective cutting of hazard trees. Examples of hazard trees include those adjacent to trails, interior campsites and picnic sites, or development and access areas. Standing dead trees will be removed if they pose a safety risk, but otherwise will be left in place as wildlife habitat. In appropriate cases, broken or rotted limbs or crowns may be removed, leaving the lower trunk for wildlife habitat. Windthrown trees will be left to decompose naturally, unless they pose a threat to health or safety, or interfere with regular park operations. Trees and brush cut in nature reserve and natural environment zones will be left to deteriorate naturally as close as possible to where they have been felled. Trees and brush cut in historical and development zones will be left to deteriorate naturally as close as possible to where they may have been felled, or if that is not feasible, may be removed for use as wood chips in the park.

Native insects and diseases affecting vegetation will be allowed to progress naturally, except where they threaten significant natural heritage values in nature reserve, historical or natural environment zones, or significant aesthetic values in development zones, in which case they may be controlled where feasible and ecologically appropriate. The control of non-native insect and disease species may occur where there is a threat to the park’s features or adjoining Crown or private lands. Where control is undertaken, it will be directed as narrowly as possible to the specific insect or disease so as to have minimal effects on the rest of the park’s environment. Non-chemical and species specific controls will be used whenever possible.

Chemical fertilizers will not be used in the park, other than for the purposes of campsite rehabilitation within the zone D1.

Control of invasive plant species will follow existing best management practices and provincial guidelines and policies.

Mechanical or other alternatives to chemical pesticides will continue to be used where feasible. Under exceptional circumstances, where pesticides provide the only feasible option for control, chemicals that have low or no soil activity and for which environmental impacts have been tested and shown to be minimal, may be used outside of zone D1. In these circumstances, chemical pesticides and suppressants will not be used for any vegetation management other than:

• insect and disease control and fire suppression under the conditions set out in this plan;
• eradication of non-native species, where it has been demonstrated that other methods with less residual impact on the park’s environment are not feasible; and
• control of poison-ivy (Toxicodendron radicans ssp. negundo) to ensure visitor health and safety within the development zones and on park trails.

9.3.3 Fisheries

The fisheries of Charleston Lake and other waterbodies within the park boundary will be managed in accordance with the MNRF Fisheries Management Zone (FMZ) 18 Fisheries management Plan. Wherever possible, fisheries management within the park will seek to maintain and enhance native, self-sustaining fish populations. Certain park waterbodies may be closed to fishing temporarily or permanently for fisheries research or management purposes. Sport fishing is permitted except in areas where fish sanctuaries are established. Recreational fishing is subject to provincial and federal fisheries regulations (e.g. the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997 and the Fisheries Act (Canada)) as set out in the Ontario Recreational Fishing Regulations Summary.

In natural environment zones, the MNRF Kemptville District may stock native fish species into park lakes for the purposes of providing opportunities for sport fishing, when in accordance with an approved MNRF fisheries management plan. The impact of stocking on native fish populations must be considered. The MNRF District will notify Ontario Parks and obtain approval from the Park Superintendent prior to any fish stocking or other management activities that may occur within the park boundary.

Mud Lake, within natural environment zone NE2, is stocked with brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a species native to Ontario. As there are few coldwater fisheries within southeastern Ontario, Mud Lake provides valuable sport fishing opportunities (FMZ 18). Stocking of Mud Lake has occurred for over 30 years as a management tool to provide additional opportunities for angling in the local area. An assessment of the health of the fishery of Mud Lake and the recreational value of the lake may be completed in consultation with MNRF Kemptville District staff and/or other MNRF staff. The assessment methods may include: creel census, gill netting, and Near Shore Community Index Netting (NSCIN). Stocking of native species may continue subject to additional direction to be determined by Ontario Parks in consultation with the MNRF District, based on an evaluation of natural and recreational values of the fishery. Any such direction will be incorporated into the District’s stocking plan. Stocking will cease if assessment indicates that the lake can no longer provide a viable stocked fishery and is dependent on available resources.

Motorized vehicle/vessel use to support the activity of sport fishing is not permitted within the boating restriction areas within the park (Section 10.4.3) or on park lands, such as the Blue Mountain area of the park (i.e. ATVs). Any publications providing information on fishing opportunities within the park will identify these restrictions, as an effort to assist in the implementation of restrictions on all-terrain vehicle use and off-trail snowmobile use within the Blue Mountain area of the park.

Provincial park policy prohibits the use or possession of bait fish within natural environment class parks. In order to comply with provincial park policy and reduce the risk of accidental introductions, Ontario Parks will seek to establish regulations under the appropriate legislation to prohibit the use or possession of live bait fish within waterbodies wholly contained within the park. The Ontario Recreational Fishing Regulations Summary lists restrictions on bait fish.

9.3.4 Wildlife

The management of wildlife will be directed toward promoting healthy populations and diverse communities. Management will follow requirements of the Class EA-PPCR and approved species specific management plans (e.g. recovery plans).

Hunting will be permitted in specific areas (Section 10.4.1) and will be undertaken consistent with regulations under the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997.

Animal populations, including problem domestic animals, may be controlled when essential to protect human health and safety, natural heritage values, the health of species outside the park, or the values for which the park was established. The park will use visitor education to reduce conflicts between visitors and healthy native animals. Conflicts that have arisen due to visitor behaviour, such as feeding and littering, and not considered as endangering human health and safety will normally not require animal control. When animal control is necessary, techniques with minimal effects on the balance of the park’s environment will be used. Any animal control measures (e.g. hunting, trapping) will be implemented directly by, or under the direct supervision of, Ontario Parks.

Ontario Parks is monitoring the effects of deer browse on vegetation growth within the park, and MNRF Kemptville District monitors deer density within the larger wildlife management unit. Hyperabundant populations of deer or other species may negatively impact the park’s ecological integrity. If monitoring indicates that hyperabundant deer or other hyperabundant species are having a negative impact on the park’s ecological integrity, population management may be undertaken within the park in the context of the broader landscape. Population management would be subject to the requirements of the Class-EA PPCR.

Raccoon Rabies

The MNRF uses a variety of tools to battle the spread of rabies in wildlife. These include: site control where a rabid animal has been found, trap-vaccinate-and-release programs, and aerial baiting to immunize rabies carrier species and reduce the spread of the disease. Control of rabid animals or rabies within the park will be subject to Declaration Order MNR-62 made under the Environmental Assessment Act (Wildlife Rabies Control Program).

9.3.5 Species at risk

Many species at risk, provincially significant species, and regionally rare species are known to occur within the park. To date, life science studies in the park have largely concentrated on plants and birds. Some of the park’s fauna and flora have not been intensively inventoried, and future studies may identify other special plant or animal features. Because of this, it is possible that additional species at risk and rare species inhabit the park.

Most of the park is regulated as habitat for gray ratsnake under the ESA, and is likely to be general habitat for other species at risk, including Blanding’s turtle. The gray ratsnake is a species at risk found within the park that is featured in the park’s natural heritage education program. Ontario Parks' staff will continue to cooperate with the recovery team and recovery activities that are underway for this species.

Species at risk and their habitats will be protected in a manner consistent with the ESA and associated regulations. All projects undertaken within the park must be screened by the zone ecologist to ensure compliance with the ESA.

The park may undertake management actions for species at risk, as supported by research and directed through approved recovery strategies and government response statements or other species-specific management plans. Existing populations may be augmented and extirpated native species may be reintroduced, if biologically feasible and desirable for perpetuating park values.

Populations of species at risk and rare plants and animals will be monitored when possible.

Research by qualified groups or individuals that is related to protection of species at risk will be encouraged when it may aid in species protection and recovery.

9.3.6 Invasive species

Where possible, actions will be taken to eliminate or reduce the threat of invasive species that may be affecting the diversity of naturally occurring populations. Where non-native species are already established and threaten natural or cultural heritage resources, a program of control may be undertaken if feasible and practical.

When possible, the park will maintain records on the status of invasive species in the area. Park staff will assist in monitoring efforts related to invasive species within the park. Policies specific to vegetation are found in Section 9.3.2.

9.3.7 Fire management

MNRF recognizes fire as an essential ecosystem process, fundamental to restoring and maintaining the ecological integrity of protected areas in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region.

Fires within Charleston Lake Provincial Park will be managed to achieve ecological benefits and reduce fire hazards where appropriate, and to prevent personal injury, value loss or social disruption. In particular it may help to enhance habitat for certain flora and/or fauna, such as pitch pine.

9.3.7.1 Fire response

Local municipal fire departments will be the first responders to structural fires within the park. Agreements between MNRF and the local municipal fire departments may be explored.

Wildland fire response in the park will be carried out in keeping with Ontario’s fire management strategy by:

• Providing a full response and sustained action to fires that pose a threat to public health and safety, property and infrastructure, or other values. Sustained action, if appropriate, will be directed through an approved Fire Assessment Report developed in consultation between the Park Superintendent and authorized fire management personnel.
• Exploring opportunities for modified response and monitoring to achieve ecological or hazard reduction objectives in consultation between the Park Superintendent and authorized fire management personnel.

Fire evacuation procedures will be as outlined in the Emergency and Evacuation Plan for Charleston Lake Provincial Park.

9.3.7.2 Prescribed burning

Prescribed burning is the deliberate, planned and knowledgeable application of fire by authorized personnel to achieve ecological or hazard reduction objectives. Plans for any prescribed burning in the park will be developed in accordance with the MNRF Prescribed Burn Manual.

9.4 Cultural resources

Cultural heritage resources that may be impacted by park projects and activities shall be identified and managed (i.e. protected, maintained, used and disposed of) in accordance with MNRF's guidelines regarding cultural heritage resources and other relevant cultural heritage documents.

Archaeologists have identified many sites exhibiting evidence of Indigenous use within the park, including traditional use and archaeological sites, such as open-air campsites and rockshelters. The park also contains cultural landscapes and associated built heritage sites (e.g. farmsteads, fencelines, pillars). The Blue Mountain area of the park has had little evaluation of cultural heritage resources, and archaeological work may be needed prior to any trail development identified in Section 10.4.2.

Reports have been completed to evaluate the cultural heritage value of five buildings or building complexes within the park: a barn (D1), park boathouse, two cabins (formerly used as staff quarters) and Green Island complex (all in D2). Two of these structures, the park warden cabin and the Green Island complex, were described as having cultural heritage value.

The park warden cabin was constructed in 1959 for A.J.E. Child, the former property owner and instigator for the establishment of a protected area on Charleston Lake. It is an example of an intact mid-20^th century cottage. The structure has strong links to both A.J.E. Child and to the history of the park (Letournearu and Uchiyama, 2016).

The Green Island complex was donated to the park in 2012 by the King family. The complex of buildings on the island is representative of a general summer recreation trend, which began around the 1860s. It includes an example of an intact mid-20^th century cottage, constructed in 1930 by the Decker family (Letournearu and Uchiyama, 2016).

In 2015, the barn was removed. A cultural heritage assessment report was completed in 2007 which provided support for this decision (Commonwealth Historic Resource Management Limited, 2007).

Significant cultural features will be protected from incompatible development wherever they occur in the park. Incompatible resource uses and recreational activities will be restricted or prohibited where necessary to protect significant cultural heritage values. Archaeological and historical artifacts may only be removed and heritage landscapes altered as part of approved cultural heritage research or management projects.

There have been studies of cultural heritage sites in the west area of the park. Several registered archaeological sites have been identified. Further study of other areas of the park or existing sites, where appropriate, will be encouraged. Management strategies for any archaeological sites found in the future may range from allowing the site to evolve without human interference, to research, excavation and rehabilitation.

Protection and management will be undertaken in consultation with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport and local Indigenous communities. Cultural features within the zone H1 will be managed according to policies for that zone. For registered cultural heritage sites outside this zone, human interference will be discouraged, and these sites will be monitored and recognized as being significant on internal mapping. Site records, maps, monitoring reports and files will be treated as sensitive data. The locations of these sites will be kept confidential.

Registered sites, within or outside zone H1, will be monitored as resources allow. Monitoring reports will include identification of any nonconforming uses and activities within 100 m of the site, assessment of stressors, description of the condition of the site (e.g. stable, increasing, decreasing) supplemented by photographic evidence, reasons for the condition, and any mitigation required and management actions proposed. If monitoring and enforcement are found insufficient for protection of these sites, measures may be undertaken to discourage human disturbance (e.g. visual screening along adjacent trails).

An archaeological assessment of the Blue Mountain area of the park and any other areas added to the park but not yet assessed will be completed when resources permit. Park zoning may be modified through an adjustment to the management plan if, following further archaeological assessment, it is determined that any concentrations of cultural heritage sites require protection different from that provided by the current zoning.

9.5 Recreational resources

Where deemed necessary, surfaces such as crushed rock screenings or wood chips may be added to park trails or campsites to reduce compaction of soil, damage to exposed roots and lessen the possibility of user injury. Trails will be clearly marked and signed to reduce deviation from the main route. Boardwalks, bridges and stairs may be constructed along trails to assist with erosion control and to ease difficulty of travel in extreme terrain. Trails are discussed further in Section 10.4.2. Intensive recreational activities will be restricted to zone D1 (e.g. car camping, beaches). The park provides opportunities to experience significant vistas and scenic landscapes, through low-intensity activities (e.g. hiking). Walk-in or boat-in campsites and picnic sites allow backcountry experiences along the lakeshore.

9.6 Inventory and monitoring

Planning and management decisions are intended to ensure the ecological integrity of protected areas (which includes social and economic components). Ontario Parks will ensure that these decisions are made with the best available information. Where this information is lacking, Ontario Parks may conduct inventories and monitoring, as necessary, to provide this information. Such efforts will be undertaken based on established methodologies and best practices. This will foster an adaptive management approach to protected areas management. The following are broad approaches to identifying inventory and monitoring needs: management actions identified in this management plan; public input; routine park maintenance activities; staff knowledge; and experiences and environmental scans.

Specific monitoring projects are listed in Sections 9.3 and 9.4.

10.0 Operations policies

Charleston Lake Provincial Park’s operating plan will continue to provide Ontario Parks staff with the information required to operate the park on a day-to-day basis. The plan will provide specific direction for the management and operation of all park facilities and activities. In addition to the policies that follow, the plan will address such topics as budgets, staffing, maintenance, enforcement, and emergency services. The park operating plan will be consistent with the approved Ontario Provincial Parks Minimum Operating Standards, and will be reviewed annually and updated as required.

Self-serve facilities may be developed, and individual volunteers and partner organizations may be involved in park programs, to ensure that park operations continue to meet the standards of the park operating plan (Section 10.3).

Ontario Parks' staff may use mechanized vehicles (e.g. motorboats, snowmobiles, motor vehicles) in the park to the extent necessary for efficient park management and operations. In approving research applications (Section 10.2), Ontario Parks may authorize researchers to use motorboats and motor vehicles to the extent necessary for research to be conducted safely and efficiently. Both Ontario Parks' staff and approved researchers will conform wherever possible to the limitations applicable to recreational users, and will travel through the park on foot wherever possible. Any other public agency may use any craft or vehicle for emergency rescues in the park, subject to the approval of the Park Superintendent.

A legal survey of the park boundary in the Blue Mountain area was completed in winter 2003 as a priority to assist staff in resource management, protection, public safety and enforcement. Additional surveys were completed in 2004 and 2011 for other areas of the park boundary (e.g. areas of land proposed for addition to the park).

Where possible, park operations will minimize environmental impacts. This could be accomplished in part by reducing energy use (e.g. through use of energy efficient fixtures, solar power), noise and light pollution (e.g. radio restrictions), and vehicle emissions within the park (e.g. encourage cycling rather than motorized vehicle use).

10.1 Education

Provincial parks have a role in supporting the heritage appreciation objective in the PPCRA. The manner in which that objective is met will vary for each park and may be adapted based on the park’s resources and the MNRF direction and priorities at the time. For further direction on park education and programming, refer to the strategic direction for education in Ontario Parks and additional park specific education plans.

The park’s education plan will continue to guide the park’s information and communications services and interpretive and recreational programs. This plan will be reviewed annually and updated as required. The park will continue to offer:

• quality visitor information; and
• a full range of interpretive and educational programs and opportunities, from unstructured individual exploration to organized programs directed to a variety of audiences.

Principal themes of park interpretation and areas of emphasis for educational programs are outlined in the park’s current education plan.

10.2 Research

Scientific research by qualified individuals that contributes to knowledge of natural and cultural heritage and to environmental and recreational management will be encouraged.

Research activities require authorization issued under the PPCRA, consistent with the Research Authorization Policy for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Research is subject to development and management policies associated with the park’s classification, unless special permission is given. Research must meet all requirements under applicable provincial and federal legislation, and may require additional permits or approval (e.g. MNRF Wildlife Scientific Collector authorization or ESA permits). Sites altered by research activities will be rehabilitated as closely as possible to their previous conditions.

The following general fields of research are particularly appropriate to Charleston Lake Provincial Park and will be encouraged:

• landforms, vegetation, wildlife, fish and archaeology of the park;
• evolution of the park’s landscapes in relation to natural processes and human activity;
• ecological restoration and management in the park;
• ecological impacts of interior campsites and picnic sites;
• the status of species at risk and rare species and communities; and
• optimal relationships between heritage protection and recreational enjoyment within the park.

10.3 Partnerships

Formal partnership agreements may be established between Ontario Parks and third parties. Partners will represent the local community and local and provincial interests. Partners will work with Ontario Parks to implement the approved park management plan and follow provincial park policies and regulations.

The Friends of Charleston Lake Park is a not-for-profit organization that has been a partner with the park since 1995, providing invaluable assistance. The Friends' goal is to further the public’s awareness, education, and understanding of the geological, historical or archaeological, cultural, and biological resources of Charleston Lake Provincial Park by supporting, encouraging, and undertaking educational, interpretive, and research activities in the park which help ensure the protection of its resources.

Ontario Parks will continue to encourage and assist the growth and development of the Friends of Charleston Lake Park. Ontario Parks will continue its existing partnerships with the Friends and continue to explore new ones.

Partnerships could be explored with other agencies, community and interest groups, and the private sector. Such partnerships will be essential to the achievement of the park’s protection, heritage appreciation, recreation and scientific research objectives.

Existing partnerships with the Friends of Charleston Lake Park that will be continued include:

• producing interpretive and educational materials;
• engaging researchers; and
• staging special events.

Future partnership areas that Ontario Parks may explore include:

• increasing naturalist involvement in natural heritage inventory, research and stewardship, including monitoring of species at risk;
• increasing community involvement in heritage education;
• fostering corporate sponsorships of exhibits, programs, and special events; and
• assisting with the Lake Management Plan as park resources are available (Section 7.3).

10.4 Recreation management

Entry to the park will be controlled year round and day use and camping fees will be collected from all park visitors during the operating season.

Specific policies for several recreational uses are outlined within this section; other permitted recreational activities are listed in Appendix 1 and are in accordance with the policies for natural environment class parks as set out in Ontario Provincial Parks: Planning and Management Polices (1992).

Opportunities for emerging recreational activities will require prior review based on provincial parks policies and park zoning before a decision is made as to whether such activities will be permitted within the park.

The following recreational activities are not permitted in the park:

• all-terrain vehicle use;
• aircraft takeoff and landing;
• horseback riding;
• rock climbing; and
• scuba diving.

Activities such as overnight camping, open fires, or travel using mechanized means, other than authorized snowmobile use, are not compatible with zone NE2 and will be phased out through means such as signage, monitoring, or enforcement.

Recreational use, including picnicking and docking, will not be permitted within zone NR3.

Recreational use and development within zone NE3 will be strictly controlled to protect the shallow soils and sensitive features located on many of these islands. Day use at designated picnic sites will continue. Overnight camping is not compatible with these islands and is not permitted.

Cross-country skiing and snowshoeing will continue to be permitted. Trails may be marked and/or groomed dependent on weather conditions and available resources.

An existing ski cabin in zone NR1 will be removed as resources permit.

10.4.1 Hunting

Hunting is permitted to continue within natural environment zone NE2 (Figure 2, Section 8.2). This recognizes the Ministry’s commitment to continuing this traditional activity within the Blue Mountain area of the park, and allows for continuing this activity in the area of the Leeder Block. Mechanized vehicles may not be used to support hunting. Signs will be placed along the trail to Blue Mountain and at designated entrances to zone NE2 indicating that hunting is permitted, and may be occurring based on annual hunting regulations. The activity of hunting is controlled and managed according to regulations under federal and provincial legislation (i.e. Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997).

Hunting is not permitted in areas of the park outside of zone NE2.

10.4.2 Trails

Low impact recreational activities such as hiking, portaging, cross-country skiing, wildlife viewing and photography will continue to be permitted on authorized trails.

Aside from authorized snowmobile use described below (Section 10.4.3), and wheelchair use on stone dust portions of the Westside Trail System, trails in the park will be for non-mechanized use only.

Based on boundary survey(s), the existing trail to Mud Lake will be rerouted to ensure it is completely within the park boundary.

New non-mechanized use trails may be created, and will be formally named as they are developed. Existing boardwalks may be upgraded, such as by adding viewing platforms, or may be replaced. Trail development policies and standards are discussed in Section 11.0. Opportunities for trails within lands to be added to the park will be evaluated based on environmental values and access considerations. Partnerships for trail maintenance will be explored.

As of 2015, the park includes the following non-mechanized trails. The zone(s) that the trail passes through are noted in parentheses.

Interpretive trails (trail guide)

• Beech Woods (zone NR2)
• Hemlock Ridge (zone NR2)
• Shoreline Centennial (zone NE4)
• Sandstone Island (zone H1)

Other trails

• Westside Trail System (Tallow Rock Bay East and West) (zones NE1, NR1)
• Quiddity Trail (lookout and portage) (zones NE1, NR1)
• Portage between Red Horse Lake and Charleston Lake (zone NE5)
• Blue Mountain trails (zone NE2)

Proposed new trail to Blue Mountain (zone NE2)

Unauthorized trails that begin on private lands south of Blue Mountain have traditionally been used for foot travel to the crest of Blue Mountain, largely during the fall season. Ontario Parks intends to provide an authorized pedestrian access to the crest of Blue Mountain over land from the south (where feasible and as resources permit). In determining the location of the access route, park staff may consider public land and agreements with private landowners for the existing trail routes. Trail design must be compatible with sensitive features and values of this area of the park, and respect any conditions of agreements with landowners. The trail will complement the existing authorized trail to Blue Mountain from Huckleberry Hollow, which may be rerouted near the crest.

The exact location for this trail has not been confirmed. Implementation of this direction will be subject to determination that the trail can be developed without impairing park values (e.g. significant cultural heritage features and species at risk and their habitats), and determining the location for designated access points (e.g. from the municipal road to the south). Other factors to consider prior to implementing this direction include: trail design, parking, signs, user safety, and park resources (e.g. monitoring, enforcement, and search and rescue).

10.4.3 Mechanized travel

Other than snowmobile use described below and wheelchair use described above (Section 10.4.2) there will be no trails authorized for mechanized recreational use. The park contains significant earth and life science features that are sensitive to mechanized traffic, and in the Blue Mountain area unauthorized all-terrain vehicle use has caused severe damage to these park values. This activity will be monitored and restrictions enforced. Existing unauthorized trails will be closed and blocked, and rehabilitated if feasible (Section 11.0).

Cycling will be permitted only on roads within the zone D1.

Snowmobiling will be permitted only on existing OFSC trails within zone NE2 in the Blue Mountain area (Figure 2); on the primary park road within zone D1; and within road allowances discussed in Section 11.2. No new snowmobiling trails will be permitted within the park.

Snowmobile use will be permitted on the Athens and District Snowmobile Club’s existing trails in the Blue Mountain area when there is a minimum consistent snow depth of 30 cm. Regardless of snow depth, the park superintendent may close the trail if conditions warrant. Because of the exposed rock knobs and sensitive vegetation prevalent at the crest of Blue Mountain, users will be required to leave machines at the base and proceed on foot (i.e. the groomed trail will end at the base of Blue Mountain). The OFSC will be encouraged to locate an alternate route outside the park for trail users who are traveling from point to point, with a destination other than Blue Mountain.

Motorized boating is permitted where in accordance with federal boating regulations and park regulations. Federal regulations generally limit motorboat speeds to 10 km/h within 30 m of shore. Ontario Parks has boating restrictions in place for the waters of Runnings Bay, Slim Bay and Mud Bay within the park boundary. Ontario Parks will seek enforcement of speed limit restrictions on Charleston Lake under the Canada Shipping Act boating regulations. Ontario Parks will encourage compliance with present and future boating regulations through signage and other communications, visitor education, and enforcement. Park values potentially affected by non-compliant boating activities include species at risk turtles, amphibian and waterfowl nesting habitat along shorelines, and remote qualities of interior campsites and picnic sites. If the approach described herein does not adequately protect park values of concern, Ontario Parks may seek or support further regulations to restrict boating within the park boundary.

Buoys stretching across the bay north of Whitefish Island and Pike Island restrict motorboat access to waters of Runnings Bay within the park boundary. Motorized vessels are not permitted within Slim Bay or Mud Bay, in order to preserve their serene nature and habitat for wildlife species such as the common loon (Gavia immer), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). These boating restrictions will continue, in order to protect natural features and for safety reasons. Where necessary, other restrictions may be implemented as described above.

10.4.4 Roofed accommodation

Additional roofed accommodations (including yurts, cabins, or other types of structures) may be developed. Roofed accommodation facilities could be constructed on existing campsites or in limited numbers in other suitable areas within the development zones.

The demand and/or need for roofed accommodation through the use of new or existing buildings or structures will be proposed under a business plan. Proposals that will be considered include:

• Installation of roofed accommodation on existing campsites or other appropriate locations within zone D1 only;
• Upgrading or replacing existing cabins in zone D2 for use as roofed accommodation units. Replacement will be limited to the same general size and footprint of the existing cabin. Any such use must minimize impacts on adjacent zones in the interests of maintaining ecological integrity (i.e. zones NR2 and NE2) and maintaining historical and archaeological values (i.e. zone H1).

The proposed staff house facility may be designed to accommodate group use at times of the year when it is not required for staff accommodation (Section 11.7).

10.5 Tourism services

Tourism services, such as the rental of recreational equipment (e.g. canoes, kayaks, bicycles), may be developed and operated either through concession agreements or by Ontario Parks directly.

10.6 Marketing and communications

Charleston Lake Provincial Park will be operated consistent with the overall marketing strategy of Ontario Parks. Marketing may include: promoting the park on the basis of its natural and cultural heritage values and recreational opportunities, and appropriate enjoyment and appreciation of those values and opportunities, promoting year-round use.

Communications regarding park policies and other information will be achieved through such means as park tabloids, brochures, trail guides, signage, notices and direct communication by park staff.

11.0 Development policies

All development undertaken by Ontario Parks, or by partners on its behalf, will comply with the Class EA-PPCR, the ESA, and the OHA and cultural heritage guidelines, and will be carried out in accordance with approved site and development plans that meet development standards for provincial parks.

Any areas proposed for development will require prior assessment for significant cultural heritage resources and natural values, such as species at risk, to ensure these values are identified and protected.

Any restoration or reconstruction of cultural heritage features will conform to high standards of cultural authenticity and will be complementary to the features themselves.

Any new utility lines required by Ontario Parks will be built underground within rights of way of open roads wherever possible.

Figure 2 shows existing development. The new trail to Blue Mountain authorized by this plan is not illustrated, as the location is yet to be determined (Section 10.4.2). Within the limits established by this plan, the final location and extent of all development will be determined through site and development planning processes.

Existing development or facilities in zone D1 may be removed, upgraded or replaced as needed and as funding permits.

The existing visitor centre and associated parking facility may be enlarged, upgraded, or replaced. Alternatively, the existing visitor centre may be removed and replaced by a new visitor centre building and associated infrastructure, such as parking facilities, at an alternate location within zone D1. The development of a new visitor centre building will be limited to previously disturbed areas within zone D1 and will minimize impacts on natural and cultural features and values.

No new development will be permitted within zone NE4.

11.1 Trails

Park trails are for pedestrian use only and may have stiles or other suitable barriers installed to prevent unauthorized access. New trails or trail segments and associated viewing decks or blinds will be built to standards appropriate to their trail type. For the proposed new trail to Blue Mountain indicated in Section 10.4.2, proposed locations and standards will be made available for public review and comment before the trail is built. Trailheads may display a map of the trail system highlighting the current location of the user. Minimum impact ethics for park users may be prominently displayed.

Trail layout will avoid sensitive features. Minor trail additions or relocations may occur, to protect park values or for health and safety reasons.

No new trails will be created within the west area of the park outside of zone D1 (i.e. within zones NR1, NR2, NE1, NE4 or H1).

A cycling trail may be developed within the primary road right of way in zone D1.

11.2 Roads

Primary roads will be maintained to provincial parks operating standards for hard surfaced primary interior roads, and will occupy only as much of the right of way as required to meet those standards.

The primary and secondary road right of ways in zone D1 may be widened as required to include traffic islands and junctions.

Woodvale Road

Woodvale Road is maintained by the Township of Leeds and the Thousand Islands. Approximately 450 m of this road passes through zone D1, and motorized use will continue. This section of road was removed from the provincial park boundary in 2014 and is under municipal jurisdiction. Prior to any work on the road adjacent to the park (e.g. surface, culverts, etc.), the township will be encouraged to notify the Park Superintendent. Ontario Parks will work with the township to mitigate any impact road maintenance may have on the park.

Mountain Street and Blue Mountain Road

These traveled roads are maintained by the Township of Leeds and the Thousand Islands. Approximately 430 m of Mountain Street passes through zone NE4. The location of this section of road in relation to the park boundary has been confirmed through a boundary survey. This section of the road was removed from the provincial park boundary in 2014 and is under municipal jurisdiction.

11.3 Campgrounds

No expansion of the three campground areas within zone D1 is proposed by this plan.

Campsite management may require the development of a limited number of new campsites to allow upgrading or rehabilitating of existing campsites within the three car campgrounds and group camping area. Any upgrading or rehabilitating of the group campsites will not encroach on the deciduous woodland and aquatic marsh communities that are between the current group camping sites and the waters of Charleston Lake included in zone NE6.

A limited number of new interior campsites may be established in suitable shoreline areas of zone NE5 (Section 8.2).

11.4 Picnic areas

There are five mainland picnic areas and two island picnic areas within the park (Section 8.1 and 8.2). These sites will continue, and use will be adequately monitored and regulations enforced. A limited number of new picnic sites may be established in suitable shoreline areas of zone NE5 (Section 8.2).

11.5 Boathouse, boat launch and docking

The existing boathouse facility within Boathouse Cove may be removed, repaired, upgraded, expanded or replaced if necessary as resources permit and subject to appropriate approvals.

There is presently one designated boat launch with docking located in the park at Boathouse Cove. These facilities may be maintained or upgraded as needed subject to appropriate approvals and as funding permits, to provide optimum boat launching facilities or to increase docking space. No new boat launches will be developed.

Subject to appropriate approvals, seasonal or permanent dock(s) may be established at roofed accommodation sites to facilitate water access. An existing dock at the Huckleberry Hollow landing may be replaced, if necessary.

11.6 Canoe launch

There is presently one canoe launch on Runnings Bay, which includes a dock for launching canoes and kayaks. This facility may be upgraded as needed and as funding permits, to provide optimum launching facilities for canoes and kayaks.

11.7 Staff and roofed accommodation

The cabins within zone D2 may be removed, repaired, restored, replaced, or adapted for appropriate use (Section 10.4.4), but may not be expanded or enlarged. Replacement will be limited to the same general size and footprint of the existing cabin.

A new staff accommodation building may be developed within zone D1 to replace existing cabins, and increase capacity and quality of staff housing. The facility may be designed to accommodate group use outside peak staff periods. New roofed accommodation may be considered within zone D1, and existing cabins within zone D2 may be considered for roofed accommodation (Section 10.4.4).

11.8 Maintenance and administrative areas

An additional storage building may be built near the maintenance complex in zone D1, as funding permits.

12.0 Plan implementation

Park development, operations and resource management will be contingent upon the availability of funding and unforeseeable changes in priorities or policy. Implementation of the management plan and operation of the park will meet the requirements of the Environmental Assessment Act, Environmental Bill of Rights, 1993, PPCRA, ESA and other pertinent legislation.

All aspects of park management, development and operations will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Class EA-PPCR.

Implementation or site plans will precede major development or resource management initiatives, and will include an appropriate level of public consultation.

12.1 Implementation priorities

Priority will be given to completing the following major initiatives, as resources permit. Except where indicated otherwise in this plan, or as required under the legislation noted above, no further public consultation will be required for these developments to proceed.

12.1.1 Administration

• Seek regulation under existing legislation (e.g. Fisheries Act, Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997) to prevent the use or possession of live bait within waters wholly contained within the park (Section 9.3.3)
• Update the park Emergency and Evacuation Plan as required (Section 9.3.7).
• Review education plan annually and update as required (Section 10.1).

12.1.2 Development

• Remove barn, zone D1 (Section 11.0; completed 2015).
• Replace boathouse, zone D1 (Section 11.5).
• Install dock at canoe launch, zone D1 (Section 11.6; completed 2010).
• Install dock at Huckleberry Hollow, zone NE2, NE6 (Section 11.5; completed 2010).
• Create cycling trail along main park road, zone D1 (Section 11.1).
• Reroute the trail to Mud Lake (Section 10.4.2).
• Upgrade or replace Westside Trail boardwalks (Section 10.4.2).
• Upgrade or replace existing cabins in zone D2 or develop new cabins in zone D1 for use as roofed accommodation (Section 10.4.4)
• Investigate the establishment of interior campsites and/or picnic sites along the Red Horse Lake shoreline (Section 8.2).
• Enlarge, upgrade or replace the existing visitor centre and associated parking facility (Section 11.0).
• Develop a new staff accommodation building (Section 11.7).

12.1.3 Boundary and land tenure

• Propose an amendment to regulations under the PPCRA for the addition of acquired land and Crown land recommended to be added to the park by this plan (Section 7.0).
• Complete minor amendments to the boundary (Section 7.0, 11.2; completed 2013).

12.1.4 Resource management

• Complete studies/inventories to identify and manage species at risk in the park and monitor other species (Section 9.3.5).
• Remove invasive species that threaten park values (Section 9.3.6),
• Monitor registered cultural heritage sites (Section 9.4).
• Complete archaeological assessment of the Blue Mountain area of the park and any other areas added to the park and not yet assessed (Section 9.4).

12.1.5 Operations – recreation management

• Close and block ATV trails in the Blue Mountain area of the park, and monitor and enforce restrictions, zone NE2 (Section 10.4.3).

13.0 Plan examination and adjustment

This plan will be examined after it has been in place for 20 years to determine whether it is still relevant, effective and current or if adjustments are needed. In circumstances where the plan is not providing sufficient direction, or to address specific issues or pressures, it can be examined prior to the next scheduled examination.

External requests for amendments to address specific proposals or needs may be considered. Ontario Parks can provide further guidance on the process for requesting an amendment and whether specific requests can/will be considered.

14.0 Key references

Commonwealth Historic Resource Management Limited. 2007. Cultural Heritage Assessment: Barn, Charleston Lake Provincial Park. Unpublished report. 45p.

Endangered Species Act, 2007.

Letournearu, M. and C. Uchiyama. 2016. Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report, Charleston Lake Provincial Park: Green Island, Boathouse, Junior Ranger Cabin, Park Warden’s Cabin. Unpublished report. 90p.

Ontario Heritage Act, 2005.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1974. Brief Geomorphology and Geology of Charleston Lake Provincial Park, prepared by S.M. Clement. Earth Science Series, Open File Report 7422.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1978. Charleston Lake Provincial Park Master Plan.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1983. Brockville District Land Use Guidelines.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1992. Ontario Provincial Parks: Planning and Management Policies.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1993. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 6-10, prepared by David J. White.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1994a. Life Science Survey and Evaluation of the Blue Mountain ANSI and Charleston Lake Crown Islands, prepared by David J. White.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1994b. Ontario Provincial Park Management Planning Manual.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1995. Ministry of Natural Resources Statement of Environmental Values.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1997. Ontario Parks, A Research and Information Strategy. Part One: Setting Priorities.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1998. Life Science Survey and Evaluation of Charleston Lake Provincial Park, prepared by David J. White.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2001. Research and Information Strategy 2001 – 2006, Ontario Parks South Eastern Zone.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2002a. Charleston Lake Provincial Park Background Information, Issues and Plan Alternatives.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2002b. Charleston Lake Provincial Park Background Information Issues and Plan Alternatives: Summary of Public Response.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2002c. Charleston Lake Provincial Park Natural Heritage Education Operating Plan (updated annually).

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2002d. Life Science Survey and Evaluation of the Leeder Block of Crown land, prepared by David J. White.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2002e. The Economic Impacts of Ontario Parks: A Summary Report for Fiscal 2000/01.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2003. Charleston Lake Preliminary Park Management Plan.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2005a. A Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON. 47 pp. + appendices.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2005b. Protecting What Sustains Us – Ontario’s Biodiversity Strategy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto, ON.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2014. Ontario Protected Areas Planning Manual: 2014 Edition. Peterborough. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 33pp.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Species At Risk In Ontario List (regularly revised).

Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006.

15.0 Appendices

15.1 Appendix 1. Permitted uses and development

The permitted uses in this table are in accordance with Ontario Provincial Parks: Planning and Management Policies (1992).

The Park Superintendent has the authority under the Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006 to close any part of the park (i.e. land or water) to any use, or to restrict any use, for any period of time. In public use areas, this authority would only be used for emergency closures, either to protect park values or to ensure public safety.

15.2 Appendix 2. Summary of public consultation and significant issues

15.2.1 2007 management plan

Ontario Parks was committed to consultation with government agencies, other ministries, interest groups and the public throughout this management planning process. There were public consultation opportunities at each stage of the management planning process, as outlined below, and responses were considered in determining proposed policy. The methods of consultation utilized during release of park management planning documents were as follows:

Mailing Lists

• Mandatory Mailing List – as per Provincial Park Policy (PM 11.02.02)
• Individuals/groups/agencies that responded to the Invitation to Participate
• Adjacent commercial bait harvesters and commercial fishing operators
• New individuals/groups who request to be added to the mailing list at any stage

Newspaper advertisements

Newspaper advertisements or notices were placed in the following newspapers:

• The Gananoque Reporter
• The Kingston Whig-Standard
• The Brockville Recorder & Times
• The Ottawa Citizen

Posted Notices

Notices were posted in various public buildings in the Kingston, Brockville and Ottawa area, and at the park. Information was also provided in the park tabloid.

Environmental Registry

Policy proposal notices and a decision notice posted on this website advertised the opportunities for the public review.

Ontario Government

All Charleston Lake Provincial Park planning documents were available at the park, the Ontario Parks Southeast Zone office in Kingston, and the MNRF Kemptville District Office.

15.2.1.1 Invitation to participate

The terms of reference for this management planning project were approved by the Managing Director of Ontario Parks in June of 2001. Public involvement in the development of the management plan for Charleston Lake Provincial Park began in August of 2001, with the mailing of the invitation to participate to individuals and groups believed to have an interest in this project. An advertisement was placed in local newspapers, and a notice was posted on the Environmental Registry of the Environmental Bill of Rights, announcing a 45 day opportunity for public review and comment on the terms of reference. Specific comments submitted during this stage related to the following issues: protecting and preserving the park, concern about recreational activities on Charleston Lake, ensuring the health of Charleston Lake, the park’s role in working with other stakeholders in the Charleston Lake area, the addition of Crown lands within the Leeder Block, the need for trails and trail maintenance, access to the park, and the role of the park in the UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve.

15.2.1.2 Background information, issues and plan alternatives

The background information, issues and plan alternatives document was released in February of 2002. The document proposed a classification, goal, objectives and zoning policy for Charleston Lake Provincial Park. This document summarized the most important planning and management issues that had been identified; and proposed either a single policy direction for each issue or provided two or more policy alternatives.

The document and an accompanying questionnaire were distributed by either postal mail (print copy) or by email (link to electronic copy) to mandatory contacts, those who responded to the invitation to participate, and local media. A notice was posted on the Environmental Registry, announcing the 45 day review period. This review period was later extended from April 10, 2002, to June 14, 2002. Open houses were held in the park on June 5 and 8, 2002.

Issues that were most commented on during public review of the background information, issues and plan alternatives document were: potential Crown land additions, access to Blue Mountain, recreational activities (sport hunting, snowmobiling, all terrain and off road vehicles, mountain biking). Background Information, Issues and Plan Alternatives: A Summary of Public Response (September 2002) provides more detail and is available from Ontario Parks.

15.2.1.3 Preliminary park management plan

The preliminary park management plan was released in August of 2003. The document included: a summary of comments received related to key planning and management issues identified during the previous stage and Ontario Parks' response to the comments; proposed park classification, goal, and objectives; proposed park boundary amendments; proposed zoning policy; and proposed preferred policies for resource management, operation and development of the park.

Approximately 250 copies of the document were distributed in August of 2003 by postal mail (print copy) or email (link to electronic copy) to the contact list for the planning process (mandatory and local contacts). Copies of the document were also available at the park and MNRF Kemptville District office. A notice was posted on the Environmental Registry on August 6, 2003 announcing the 45 day review period. This review period was later extended one week to September 27, 2003 due to a power blackout. Open houses were held in the park on August 21 and 23, 2003.

Although relatively few responses were received during the review period for this stage of the project, most of those who responded were supportive in general of the proposed policies in the preliminary plan. Some concerns noted included: long-term protection for the Leeder Block lands remaining within the District Crown land base; boundary issues with adjacent lands; minimizing impacts to Blue Mountain from snowmobiling. Where appropriate, sections of the plan that had been commented on were clarified; in other cases clarification was provided directly to the respondent.

In addition to minor wording changes to clarify policies in this plan and format changes based on current document standards, review of the preliminary plan resulted in the following modifications:

• The zoning for the western section of the Blue Mountain area was changed from nature reserve (previously proposed as zone NR3) to natural environment, resulting in a single natural environment zone for this area of the park (zone NE2). Inclusion in the broader natural environment zone more accurately reflects the sensitivity of features within this area, previous commitments for recreational hunting and proposed continuation of use of the existing snowmobile trail (Section 8.2).
• Determined that the two access zones proposed were not necessary, since the current wording related to these areas in Section 8.2, Zone NE2 and Section 11.2, Development Policies (Roads) was sufficient to allow continued use. These areas were incorporated into the adjacent zone NE2 (Section 8.2).
• Created a new development zone (zone D2) for the two existing cabins previously included within zones NR2 and H1 and identified as non-conforming use to be continued. A third cabin, for which the presence within the park was not known at the time of the preliminary management plan, is also included within this zone. This zone more clearly separates the policies for these three existing cabins and defines a minimal footprint for each one (Section 8.4).
• Added enabling statements for proposed new development within zone D1 (e.g. remove barn, replace boathouse, install docks, new staff accommodation) (Section 8.4, 11.0).
• Under wildlife management, clarified current monitoring of deer and added a sentence identifying that a resource management plan may be prepared if research indicates the deer population is a concern (Section 9.3.4).
• For the snowmobiling policy, minimum snow depth was increased to 30 cm, and policy was strengthened to require users to remain off the crest of Blue Mountain (Section 10.4.3).
• For hunting policy, the proposal to seek restriction on the use of dogs was removed; this use is not currently a concern, but a restriction may be sought if justified in the future. Wording related to harvest records was removed to recognize there is no requirement system for hunters to report their records or presence to the park (Section 10.4.1).
• Rock climbing and scuba diving were added to the list of activities not permitted (Section 10.4).
• Added enabling statements for staff accommodation and roofed accommodation (Sections 10.4.4, 11.7).

15.2.2 Management plan amendment (2016)

In winter 2015-2016, Aboriginal communities, stakeholders and the public were invited to participate in the development of an amendment to the Charleston Lake Provincial Park Management Plan (2007). Invitation for comment was distributed through:

• Direct mailings/emails to two local Aboriginal communities.
• Policy proposal notice posted on the Environmental Registry of the Environment Bill of Rights (EBR) for a 45 day comment period ending January 28, 2016.
• Direct mailings/emails sent to 183 individuals/groups:
  • relevant government and stakeholder group contacts considered mandatory for park management planning
  • adjacent landowners, local stakeholder grous and individuals or groups that responded during previous management planning consultation
• Media ads placed in two local newspapers (December 17, 2015):
  • Gananoque Reporter
  • Brockville Recorder and Times
• The proposed management plan amendment was posted on the Ontario website on December 14, 2015 (link from the project notice and EBR Environmental Registry).

A total of eight (8) responses to the proposed amendment were received from individuals (5), stakeholder groups (2), and a local government agency (1). The majority of proposed amendments to the plan received no comments.

Two (2) comments were supportive of the park’s proposed development policies and highlighted one oversight in the implementation section. Two (2) comments acknowledged receipt of the proposed plan amendment notice, but did not provide specific comments. One (1) comment requested clarification on amendment details. One (1) comment had questions relating to boundary lines and private property. Two (2) comments raised questions or concerns with potential backcountry campsites on Red Horse Lake.

Section 9.4 was updated to include information from recent cultural heritage reports completed on park buildings. Section 12.1 (Implementation Priorities) and 14.0 (References) were also updated.

© 2016, Queen’s Printer for Ontario

Original printed, 2007
Printed in Ontario, Canada

Additional copies of this publication can be obtained from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry

Park Superintendent
Charleston Lake Provincial Park
148 Woodvale Road
Lansdowne, Ontario K0E 1L0
Tel: 613-659-2065

ISBN 978-1-4606-8323-1 (Print)
ISBN 978-1-4606-8324-8 (HTML)