You're using an outdated browser. This website will not display correctly and some features will not work.
Learn more about the browsers we support for a faster and safer online experience.

contact us français

Welcome to the new e-Laws. It’s now easier than ever to find Ontario laws. We welcome your feedback.

Important: This version of the e-Laws website will be upgraded to a new version in the coming weeks.
You can try the beta version of the new e-Laws at ontario.ca/laws-beta.

Trades Qualification and Apprenticeship Act
Loi sur la qualification professionnelle et l’apprentissage des gens de métier

R.R.O. 1990, REGULATION 1045

No Amendments

BRICK AND STONE MASON

Historical version for the period December 31, 1990 to July 4, 2007.

This Regulation is made in English only.

1. In this Regulation,

“brick and stone mason” means a person who,

(a) constructs, erects, installs and repairs with brick, concrete block, insulation and other masonry units, walls, arches, paving, floors, fireplaces, chimneys, smoke-stacks and other structures,

(b) cuts and trims all brick, concrete block and other masonry units by hand tools and power activated equipment,

(c) lays firebrick and other refractory materials to walls, arches and floors in the construction of furnaces or to lining furnaces and retorts or to enclosing boilers, tanks and heat treating furnaces,

(d) has a comprehensive knowledge of tools to perform in the trade,

(e) reads and understands blueprints, sketches, specifications, codes and manufacturers literature used in the layout and erection of a structure;

“certified trade” means the trade of brick and stone mason. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 1.

2. The trade of brick and stone mason is designated as a certified trade for the purposes of the Act. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 2.

3. (1) No person shall become an apprentice in the certified trade unless he or she has successfully completed Grade 8 in Ontario or has such other academic qualification that in the opinion of the Director is equivalent thereto. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 3 (1).

(2) Despite subsection (1), a person may be registered as an apprentice in the certified trade if the person has,

(a) graduated in a course for the trade of brick and stone mason offered in the occupational program of a junior or special vocational school; and

(b) been recommended to the Director by the Principal of the school where the person completed the course for enrollment as an apprentice in the certified trade. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 3 (2).

4. An apprentice training program is established for the certified trade and shall consist of four periods of related training and work experience training of 1,400 hours per period,

(a) at full time educational day classes provided at a college of applied arts and technology or in courses that, in the opinion of the Director, are equivalent thereto in the subjects contained in Schedule 1; and

(b) in practical work experience training provided by the employer of the apprentice in the subjects contained in Schedule 2. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 4.

5. Despite subsection 8 (2) of Regulation 1055 of the Revised Regulations of Ontario, 1990, every hour worked by an apprentice in excess of his or her regular daily hours of work experience training shall be included in computing the hours spent in related training and work experience training. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 5.

6. The subjects of examination for an apprentice in the certified trade are the subjects contained in Schedules 1 and 2. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 6.

7. The rate of wages for an apprentice in the certified trade whether for regular daily hours or for hours in excess of regular daily hours shall not be less than,

(a) 40 per cent during the first period;

(b) 60 per cent during the second period;

(c) 70 per cent during the third period;

(d) 80 per cent during the fourth period,

of the average hourly rate of wages or its equivalent for journeymen employed by the employer in that trade and with whom the apprentice is working. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 7.

8. The number of apprentices who may be employed by an employer in the certified trade shall not exceed,

(a) where the employer is a journeyman in the trade, one apprentice plus one additional apprentice for every five journeymen employed by that employer in the trade and with whom the apprentice is working;

(b) where the employer is not a journeyman in the trade, one apprentice for the first journeyman employed by the employer plus one additional apprentice for each additional five journeymen employed by that employer in the trade and with whom the apprentice is working. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 8.

9. Despite section 8, the Director may determine the ratio of apprentices to journeymen who may be employed by an employer in the certified trade. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 9.

10. The Director shall issue a progress record book to each apprentice and the apprentice shall record therein the time that he or she spends in related training and work experience and the apprentice shall be responsible for the safekeeping of the progress record book. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 10.

11. (1) Section 9 and subsection 10 (2) of the Act do not apply to any person who works or is employed in the certified trade. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 11 (1).

(2) Subsection 10 (3) of the Act does not apply to an employer in the certified trade. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 11 (2).

12. A certificate of qualification in the certified trade is not required to be renewed. R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, s. 12.

SCHEDULE 1
BRICK AND STONE MASON IN-SCHOOL TRAINING

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

 

Course

Subject

Instruction to be Given

1

Mathematics (Trade Related)

Mathematics

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division of whole numbers, fractions, decimals. Metric system; conversion methods. Weights and measures. Ratio and proportion. Percentage. Areas, volumes, linear mensuration. Elementary geometry.

2

Business Communications

General

Vocabulary and organizational structure of the industry. Trade terminology and usage. Reading comprehension; use of trade publications, manuals, specifications. Sentence and paragraph structure. Trade related letter, memoranda writing, completion of forms, reports, job descriptions, requisitions, orders. Oral communication.

3

Drafting and Blueprint Reading

Blueprints

Reproduction process. Working drawings. Reading and interpretation of frame, masonry and concrete construction plans; materials, construction members, dimensioning, sections, elevations, details, scales, schedules, architectural standard symbols. Masonry principles and bonds. Types of walls, corners, chimneys, fireplaces, arches, piers, footings, reinforced masonry. Specifications. Modular co-ordination: identification, terminology, history. Need for co-ordination. Details, grids and units. Quantity takeoff methods for calculating exact amount of modular and non-modular materials, joint thickness and mortar types. Maintaining production rates, times, schedules.

   

Basic Drafting Techniques

Use of lines, scales, views, projections, sections, developments, dimensions, lettering, symbols. Preparation of elementary working drawings; floor plans for masonry construction, brick coursing for window and door openings, wall section and details, sections and details for steel frame construction. Dimensioned sketches. Material estimates.

4

General Trade Practice

Safety

Safety rules and safe operating procedures. Protective clothing and equipment. First aid. Fire prevention; location, use and maintenance of fire fighting equipment. The Occupational Health and Safety Act. The Workers’ Compensation Act. The Building Code Act. Handling and storage of flammable liquids, gases and chemicals. Safe use of lifting, hoisting and scaffolding equipment, electric tools, welding equipment. Temporary heating equipment. Ventilation. Dermatitis protection. Good housekeeping.

   

Hand Tools

Care and use of mason’s trowels, caulking and pointing trowels, jointing tools, mason’s hammer and bolster or brickset. Combination levels and plumb rules, steel squares. Folding rules and tapes, mason’s line, plumb bob, line pins, corner blocks. Brushes. Floats, edgers and groovers screeds and darbies. Mortar hoe and board, shovels, gauge rods or storey poles.

   

Power Tools and Equipment

Care and use of portable electric and bench masonry saws. Powered mortar mixers. Power or manual pallet lifters. Hoists. Brick and mortar buggies. Mixing box, sand box and screen. Scaffolding; staging frames and planking, ladders, swing-stages. Safety belts and lifelines. Temporary heating equipment. Water drums, hose, pails. Wheelbarrows.

   

Mortar

Preparation; selection of materials, types and requirements for sand, lime, cement and water. Screening sand; screen size, measuring and checking to specifications. Mixing mortar; mix types and specifications, proportions by volume and weight. Adding methods. Aging before use. Acid resisting and refractory mortars. Strength, bond, durability, workability, shrinkage, water retentivity. Hand and power mixing. Admixtures; types, specifications, quantities, when to add. Plasticizers, accelerators, retardants, waterproofing and colouring agents, epoxies.

   

Materials

Origin, manufacture, identification, properties, types and use of brick, structural tile, concrete block, natural and manufactured stone, refractories. Protective coverings. Cavity and veneer wall ties, horizontal joint reinforcements, rigid and flexible anchors, control and expansion joint fillers. Weep hole vents. Furring clips, nailing strips, flashings. Damp-proofing, caulking materials, rigid and pour type insulation.

   

Courses

Types, characteristics and uses; header, stretcher rowlock (rolok), soldier courses. Closures.

   

Joints

Mortar joints; strength of bond, mortar thickness, correct application. Bed, head, bed and head backing, cross and closure joints. Parging. Joint finishing or tooling; flush, raked, concave and “V” tooled joints.

   

Bonds

Principles, common types and uses; running or stretcher, common, English, English cross or Dutch, Flemish and stack bonds. Ornamental bonds.

   

Gauging

Layout and use of storey pole or gauge rods, modular and non-modular measuring devices.

5

Blockwork

Foundation Walls (General)

Selecting, locating and storing material: blueprint reading for type of materials, work location. Effect of weather and moisture on materials, protection methods. Specifications for different masonry units and uses. Estimating materials. Preparing mortar to specifications.

   

(Layout)

Establishing base or building line from street line and locating front corner points: blueprint reading for building location. Relevant building codes. Permanent and temporary bench marks. Use of transit and tapes. Marking methods. Squaring corners from building line and measuring side and back lines: blueprint reading to locate sides and back of building. Relevant building codes. Use of transit and tapes. Marking methods. Use of mason’s square. Squaring a building.

   

(Wall Elevation)

Establishing finished foundation wall elevation: blueprint reading, use of transit or dumpy level. Periodic checks of elevations and levels.

   

(Construction Details and Procedures)

Positioning mortar and masonry materials: specifications for type of block, mortar, reinforcing. Site ordering of materials.

   

(Preliminaries)

Laying-out bond, establishing openings and tying-in partitions: blueprint reading for location. Bond types. Use of special units, corners and jumbs. Blueprint reading for coursing and height of openings. Use of mason’s rule. Marking of storey pole or gauge rod. Cutting concrete blocks. Use of power driven masonry saw, brick hammer, set or bolster. Electrical power requirements.

   

(Corners and Leads)

Building corners and leads: specifications for bond type and gauge. Trowel use. Correct method of spreading mortar. Use of mason’s level or plumb rule, storey pole or gauge rod. Placing reinforcing in bed joints: specifications, plain or patented type reinforcing. Stretching and sighting line: use of line pins, corner line blocks, marked line.

   

(Laying Concrete Blocks)

Laying concrete blocks to line. Use of trowel. Correct method of spreading mortar. Use of mason’s level or plumb rule, storey pole or gauge rod. Jointing methods. Making provision to tie-in partitions: blueprint reading for location. Tying-in or bonding methods.

   

(Sills)

Flashing beneath sills: flashing material types and methods. Setting sills: blueprint reading for sill type. Spreading mortar for different sill types. Safe handling of single unit sills.

   

(Anchoring Frames)

Anchor types and methods.

   

(Lintels)

Making concrete lintels: specifications for type required. Reinforcing method. Curing time. Placing lintels: angle-iron or other steel, reinforced masonry unit-type, reinforced concrete type. Determining type on architectural and structural drawings from specifications. Bedding and shoring methods. Use of level, setting to line. Trade terminology, specifications for steel shapes.

   

(Finishing)

Making bond beam to close-off top of wall, specification and blueprint reading for type required. Placing reinforcing. Parging and waterproofing foundation walls: use of parge, membrane and patented methods. Insulation: use of loose fill, plank, or perimeter types.

   

Exterior Walls (Construction Details and Layout)

Blueprint and specification reading for site location, type and size of wall, C.S.A. and A.S.T.M. Material specifications. Calculation of block and mortar material quantities. Mortar preparation area and material storage. Laying out exterior wall line on foundation wall from known reference point, marking corner points of exterior wall. Squaring corners and establishing other wall lines and finished wall height from blueprints.

   

(Preliminaries)

Preparing mortar to specifications. Laying out horizontal coursing, locating and marking openings, intersecting walls, control and expansion joints from blueprints. Purpose, type and application of control and expansion joints, correct tool use. Laying out storey pole or gauge rod from blueprints for vertical coursing, wall height, sill and openings height if applicable.

   

(Building Walls)

Placing specified base flashings or damp proof course. Cause and control of efflorescence. Building corners or leads by spotting blocks at corner points. Use of mason’s line. Setting, levelling and plumbing units to height. Establishing bond, cutting units and maintaining bond pattern. Laying blocks to line. Provision of weep holes; purpose, specified type, position and frequency. Finishing and pointing joints to specifications. Building-in masonry ties, furring, clips, reinforcements and accessories, rough bucks, steel frames for openings, to blueprints and specifications. Tying-in or bonding intersecting walls. Purpose and provision of chases or recesses. Blueprint reading for location and size. Liaison with other trades.

   

(Erecting Scaffolds)

Scaffolding types, erecting, supporting and anchoring methods. Safe working procedures. Predetermining finished wall heights and required scaffolding changes for work progress.

   

Miscellaneous Details

Building corbels and offsets: blueprint reading for location, design. Limit of total extension to wall thickness. Limit of corbel per course. Setting sills, lintels, ornamental stone or terracotta: blueprint and specification reading for type. Handling single units.

     

Bedding, levelling and setting to line. Buttress types: vertical, battered, flying and corner. Pilaster types: one side of wall, two sides of wall, corner.

     

Building buttresses or pilasters: use of adjustable plumb-rule or batterstick. Angles. Stress and strength of materials.

     

Positioning and setting miscellaneous metal work, building in mechanical services and conduit, blueprint reading for types and location. Trade terminology. Anchoring roof plate or wall plate: use of anchor bolts. Bolt types and holding qualities.

     

Placing beam fill: purpose and usage.

     

Construction joints: saw-cutting existing structure for use of copper bellows. Toothing blocks to existing structure.

   

Interior Block Walls

Laying-out work: blueprint and specification reading for details of walls: location, construction, materials and finish.

     

Preparing mortar and adhesives to specifications.

     

Bonding into existing work: use of ties or anchors. Essential filling of joints. Strength of mortar. Block bonding, indents, toothing. Building firestops: blueprint reading to determine where necessary. Relevant building code. Building-in rough bucks or steel frames: anchor types and methods.

     

Building-in nailing strips, plugs, metal furring clips and reinforcing where necessary: specification and blueprint reading for type and location. Holding qualities of nailing strips, furring clips, plugs. Building walls faced on both sides: using two or more units plumbed on each face of wall. Types of bond. Building-in conduit and miscellaneous metal work: blueprint reading for type and location.

     

Cutting block units for interior work: use of power driven masonry saw. Care in handling units for decorative work. Insulating, fire-proofing, sound-proofing walls.

6

Brickwork

Exterior Walls (Construction Details and Layout)

Blueprint and specification reading for site location, type and size of wall. C.S.A. and A.S.T.M. Material specifications. Calculation of masonry and mortar material quantities. Mortar preparation area and material storage.

     

Laying out exterior wall line on foundation wall from known reference point, marking corner points of exterior wall. Squaring corners and establishing other wall lines and finished wall height from blueprints.

   

(Preliminaries)

Preparing mortar to specifications. Laying out horizontal coursing in dry bond, locating and marking openings, intersecting walls, control and expansion joints from blueprints. Purpose, type and application of control and expansion joints, correct tool use. Laying out storey pole or gauge rod from blueprints for vertical coursing, wall height, sill and openings height if applicable.

   

(Building Walls)

Placing specified base flashings or damp proof course. Cause and control of efflorescence.

     

Building corners or leads by spotting bricks at corner points. Use of mason’s line. Setting, levelling and plumbing units to height.

     

Establishing bond, cutting units and maintaining bond pattern. Laying masonry units to line. Provision of weep holes; purpose, specified type, position and frequency. Finishing and pointing jointing to specifications.

     

Building-in masonry ties, furring, clips, reinforcements and accessories, rough bucks, steel frames for openings, to blueprints and specifications. Tying-in or bonding intersecting walls.

     

Purpose and provision of chases or recesses. Blueprint reading for location and size. Liaison with other trades.

     

Flashing and topping of free-standing walls: checking specifications and blueprints for type and method.

   

Miscellaneous Details

Building corbels and offsets: blueprint reading for location, design. Limit of total extension to wall thickness. Limit of corbel per course. Setting sills, lintels, ornamental stone or terracotta: blueprint and specification reading for type. Bedding, levelling and setting to line. Buttress types: vertical, battered, flying and corner. Pilaster types: one side of wall, two sides of wall, corner.

     

Building buttresses or pilasters: use of adjustable plumb-rule or batterstick. Angles. Stress and strength of materials.

     

Positioning and setting miscellaneous metal work, building in mechanical services and conduit, blueprint reading for types and location. Trade terminology. Anchoring roof plate or wall plate. Use of anchor bolts. Bolt types and holding qualities. Placing beam fill. Purpose and usage. Construction joints: saw-cutting existing structure for use of copper bellows. Toothing masonry to existing structure.

   

(Repair Work)

Cutting out defective joints and sections of masonry units: checking structural function of unit to be repaired. Inspecting work to determine sections to be repaired. Establishing staging requirements. Specifications for depth of deteriorated mortar and mortar type. Use of portable-type saw with abrasive blade. Safety precautions. Use of jointing chisel and mash hammer. Purpose and importance of wetting. Placing new masonry units: setting, plumbing and levelling to maintain original bond and pattern. Cutting units to fit. Matching old work. Filling joints and pointing to match existing joints: types of mortar and joints, use of pointing tools. Caulking materials and tools. Shoring, needling and underpinning. Checking specifications for strength of materials and mortars. Methods of placing and fastening. Distance on centres. Use of jacks and wedges. Effects of vibration. Safety code.

   

(Reinforced Masonry)

Purposes, design, construction. Placing steel: specification and blueprint reading for design and placing of steel. Laying brick, block or tile: determining joint thickness to ensure proper bonding and coverage of steel in grouting process. Grouting wall: mixing grout. Limitations of grout flow. Inspection area.

   

(Cleaning Masonry)

Specifications for solution to be used and method. Mixing and application of acid or detergent solutions. Safety regulations and precautions.

   

Interior Walls

Laying-out work: blueprint and specification reading for details of walls: location, construction, materials and finish.

   

(Masonry Partition Construction)

Preparing mortar and adhesives to specifications. Bonding into existing work: use of ties or anchors. Essential filling of joints. Block bonding, indents, toothing. Building firestops: blueprint reading to determine where necessary. Relevant building code. Building-in rough bucks or steel frames: anchor types and methods. Building-in nailing strips, plugs, metal furring clips and reinforcing where necessary: specification and blueprint reading for type and location. Building walls faced on both sides: using two or more units plumbed on each face of wall. Types of bond. Building-in conduit and miscellaneous metal work: blueprint reading for type and location. Cutting masonry units for interior work: use of power-driven masonry saw. Care in handling units for decorative work.

     

Insulating, fire-proofing, sound-proofing walls.

   

Paving Brick

Laying-out work: checking specifications for materials and patterns. Bonds. Cutting for special layouts. Building code requirements. Building steps, pavements and patios: special mortar required for unusual exposure to weather. Foundations, underbred and drainage. Use of level. Determining grades, rise and tread.

   

Decorative Masonry

Building decorative masonry: checking specifications and blueprints. Bonds. Patterns. Blending colours. Combining different units in one wall. Jointing. Flashing and topping anchoring specified.

     

Using coloured mortars: checking specifications for correct additives and proportions used. Correct mixing method. Building glass block panels, placing reinforcing and expansion strips, installing louvres and ventilators, jointing and cleaning: checking specifications and blueprints for: size of openings and blocks, patterns, type of block and correct way to lay, mortar. Use of reinforcing and expansion strip, weather-seals and purpose. Limitations in use.

   

Chimneys (Specifications, Construction Procedures)

Laying-out work: blueprint reading for location. Specifications for materials. Use of mason’s rule. Relevant building code. Flue capacities and efficiency. Building abutments: selection and use of masonry materials. Design to carry fireplace on floor above. Corbelling to carry fireplace hearth. Miscellaneous ironwork, cleanouts, breechings, thimbles: types and location. Correct anchoring methods.

     

Building-in flue linings: checking specifications and blueprints. Vitrified clay flue lining. Firebrick. Bedding, jointing. Relevant building code. Building withes or midfeathers: relevant building code. Tying or bonding masonry work in chimney. Placing flashings: purpose and materials used, details and application methods.

     

Constructing offset flues: mathematics, angles to perpendicular. Relevant building code. Corbelling to increase chimney size: limit of total extension to wall thickness. Limit of corbel per course. Topping-out chimney: methods and types. Mortar specifications for rigorous conditions.

     

Setting chimney tops: types and purpose, centered and plumbed. Benching mortars. Building with refractory units: blueprint reading for location and types.

     

Specifications. Properties. Availability. Use of special shapes.

   

Arches (Design)

Laying-out work: blueprint reading for type, location, span, rise and depth of arch. Various designs of arches.

   

(Construction)

Setting and removing centres: use of plumb-rule and level. Use of folding wedges for easy removal without disturbing green brickwork. Factors in construction, placing and removal of centres. Determining spring line, cutting skewback: use of power-driven masonry saw. Use of brick hammer, set or bolster. Safe practices.

     

Laying-up arch: use of centre point or points to line up joints.

     

Tapering bricks or stone for uniform thickness of joints. Use of trammel.

   

Fireplaces (Design and Construction Details)

Laying-out work: specifications and blueprint reading for type, location and design. Relevant building code. Placing ash dump, building fireback and setting damper: firebrick use for back hearth, cutting methods. Use of fireclay or high temperature cement. Factors replating to finished opening width: finished opening height. Depth of backhearth. Width of back of fireback. Vertical and sloping height of fireback. Width and height of throat. Smoke shelf width. Damper size required, placing height. Ash dump location.

     

Building-in steel fireplace form: checking specifications for types, installation methods.

     

Building masonry facing and mantel: checking specifications. Selection of units for quality. Anchoring to rough brickwork.

7

Specialty

Prefabricated Masonry Panels

Types and characteristics: partial brick and stone panels with styrofoam-plywood combination backing. Full brick, stone and block construction panels. Anchoring methods, specifications, manufacturers installation instructions.

   

(Installation)

Partial brick and stone panels: lining-up, nailing and use of adhesives. Finishing joints. Full brick, stone and block panels: procedures for setting up control, form and grouting jigs.

     

Stripping form jigs. Laying-out and building panels into place. Hoisting by cast-in plates or bolts. Levelling and plumbing. Placing of reinforcing rods, anchor bolts, bracing plates.

     

Arc or resistance welding of plates. Welding requirements, structural welding qualifications. Placing grout by hand or power equipment.

   

Stonework

Types of walls: random rubble, coursed rubble, field stone, pre-cut and pre-cast stone. Ashlar patterns. Raking joints. Mixing mortar or adhesives. Setting natural and artificial stone and pre-cast shapes: cutting, handling, anchoring and placing stone, bond stones and bond courses, quoins, capping for pier, coping, trim. Use of wood wedges or lead shims.

   

Pre-cast Concrete

Blueprint and specification reading for types of pre-cast lintels, beams, joists and wall units (manufactured or job-site “tilt-up” construction). Hoisting into place by cast-in anchors. Plumbing and levelling. Tying wall units together with cast-in-place columns or pilasters.

   

Insulation

Types and characteristics: loose fill (pour type), rigid (plank).

     

Installation procedures and adhesives. Applications for cavity walls, interior walls, refractory and refrigeration work. Specification reading for type and attachment method.

   

Refractories

Blueprint and specification reading for type of boiler setting or furnace, size and type of wall. Calculation of refractory and fireclay materials. Provision of storage area.

     

Preparation of fireclay, refractory cements, adhesives and epoxies. Laying out walls, locating expansion joints, recesses for intersecting walls. Placing required insulation. Locating burner cones. Determining location of baffles. Laying out arches. Application of plastics, refractory cements, adhesives and epoxies. Correct location of deadplates and openings.

   

Tile and Spectraglaze

Building walls of plain or glazed facing tiles or blocks: blueprint and specification reading for location and type. Use of power-driven masonry saw. Use of special shapes.

R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, Sched. 1.

SCHEDULE 2
BRICK AND STONE MASON WORK EXPERIENCE TRAINING

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

 

Course

Subject

Work Experience Training

1

Trade Practices (As detailed in Schedule 1)

General

Safety rules and removal of all hazards. The Occupational Health and Safety Act. The Workers’ Compensation Act. The Building Code Act. Care and use of hand tools, power tools and equipment. Portable electric masonry saws. Temporary heating equipment. Scaffolding, staging frames, planking, ladders, swing-stages. Lifting and hoisting equipment.

   

Mortar

Preparation; material, types and requirements. Screening sand. Mixing mortar to specifications. Acid resisting and refractory mortars. Familiarization with strength, bond, durability, workability, shrinkage, water retentivity. Hand and power mixing. Admixtures; use of plasticizers, accelerators, retardants, waterproofing and colouring agents, epoxies.

   

Materials

Identification, use and handling of brick, structural tile, concrete block, natural and manufactured stone, refractories. Cutting operations. Cavity and veneer wall ties, horizontal joint reinforcements, rigid and flexible anchors, control and expansion joint fillers. Weep hole vents. Furring clips, nailing strips, flashings. Damp-proofing, caulking materials, rigid and pour type insulation.

   

Courses

Use of header, stretcher, rowlock (rolok), soldier courses. Closures.

   

Joints

Making mortar joints; bond, mortar thickness, correct application. Use of bed, head, bed and head backing, cross and closure joints. Joint finishing or tooling; flush, raked, concave and “V” tooled joints. Parging.

   

Bonds

On-site application of masonry principles. Use of running or stretcher, common, English, English cross or Dutch, Flemish and stack bonds. Ornamental bonds.

   

Gauging

Layout and use of storey pole or gauge rods, modular and non-modular measuring devices.

2

Blueprint Reading (As detailed in Schedule 1)

General

Familiarization, interpretation and use of architectural and structural drawings of frame, masonry, concrete and reinforced masonry construction: sections, elevations, details, scales, schedules, architectural standard symbols. Building codes. Types of walls, corners, chimneys, fireplaces, arches, piers and reinforced masonry. Specifications. Quantity take-off: calculating quantities of modular and non-modular materials, joint thicknesses. Modular co-ordination: on-site application, terminology. Details, grids and units.

3

Blockwork (As detailed in Schedule 1)

Foundation Walls (General)

Selecting, estimating, locating, storing and protecting material. Preparing mortar.

   

(Layout)

Establishing base or building line, locating front corner points. Squaring corners, measuring side and back lines. Squaring a building. Finished foundation wall elevation.

   

(Construction)

Laying-out bond. Cutting concrete blocks. Building corners and leads. Placing reinforcing in bed joints. Laying blocks to line. Jointing. Tying-in or bonding partitions. Flashing beneath sills. Setting sills. Anchoring frames. Making concrete lintels. Placing lintels, bedding and shoring, levelling, setting to line.

   

(Finishing)

Making bond beam to close-off top of wall. Placing reinforcing. Parging and water-proofing foundation walls. Insulation.

   

Exterior Walls (Layout)

Calculation of material quantities. Laying out exterior wall line. Marking corner points. Squaring corners, establishing wall lines, finished wall height. Preparing mortar. Laying out horizontal coursing, openings, intersecting walls, control and expansion joints.

   

(Building Walls)

Placing base flashings or damp proof course. Building corners or leads. Setting, levelling and plumbing to height. Establishing bond, cutting blocks, maintaining bond pattern. Laying to line. Finishing and pointing joints. Building-in masonry ties, furring clips, reinforcements and accessories, rough bucks, steel frames for openings. Tying-in or bonding intersecting walls. Provision of chases or recesses. Liaison with other trades. Erecting scaffolding, supporting and anchoring. Safe working procedures.

   

(Miscellaneous Details)

Building corbels and offsets. Setting sills, lintels, ornamental stone or terracotta. Bedding, levelling and setting to line. Building buttresses and pilasters. Positioning and setting miscellaneous metal work, building-in mechanical services, conduit. Anchoring roof or wall plate. Placing beam fill. Construction joints: saw-cutting existing structure for copper bellows. Toothing blocks to existing structure.

   

Interior Block Walls

Laying out work: preparing mortar and adhesives. Bonding into existing work. Filling joints. Block bonding, indents, toothing. Building firestops. Building-in rough bucks or steel frames. Building-in nailing strips, plugs, metal furring clips and reinforcing.

     

Building walls, faced, plumbed both sides.

     

Building-in conduit, miscellaneous metal work.

     

Cutting blocks for interior work. Insulating, fireproofing, sound-proofing walls.

4

Brickwork (As detailed in Schedule 1)

Exterior Walls (Layout)

Calculation of material quantities. Laying out exterior wall line. Marking corner points. Squaring corners, establishing wall lines, finished wall height. Preparing mortar. Laying out horizontal coursing in dry bond, openings, intersecting walls, control and expansion joints.

   

(Building Walls)

Placing base flashings or damp proof course. Building corners or leads. Setting, levelling and plumbing to height. Establishing bond, cutting bricks, maintaining bond pattern. Laying to line. Finishing and pointing joints. Building-in masonry ties, furring clips, reinforcements and accessories, rough bucks, steel frames for openings. Tying-in or bonding intersecting walls. Provision of chases or recesses. Flashing and topping of free-standing walls. Liaison with other trades.

   

Miscellaneous Details

Building corbels and offsets. Setting sills, lintels, ornamental stone or terracotta. Bedding, levelling and setting to line.

     

Building buttresses and pilasters. Positioning and setting miscellaneous metal work, building-in mechanical services, conduit. Anchoring roof or wall plate. Placing beam fill.

     

Construction joints: saw-cutting existing structure for copper bellows. Toothing masonry to existing structure.

     

Installing insulation.

     

Cleaning Masonry. Mixing and application of acid or detergent solutions. Repair work. Cutting out defective joints and sections of masonry units. Inspecting work to be repaired. Staging. Removing deteriorated mortar. Placing new masonry units: setting, plumbing, levelling to original bond and pattern. Cutting units to fit. Matching old work. Filling joints and pointing. Caulking materials. Shoring, needling and underpinning.

     

Reinforced Masonry. Placing steel. Laying brick, block or tile. Grouting walls.

   

Interior Walls (Masonry Partition Construction)

Laying out work: preparing mortar and adhesives. Bonding into existing work. Filling joints. Block bonding, indents, toothing. Building firestops. Building-in rough bucks or steel frames. Building-in nailing strips, plugs, metal furring clips and reinforcing.

     

Building walls, faced, plumbed both sides.

     

Building-in conduit, miscellaneous metal work.

     

Cutting masonry units for interior work. Insulating, fire-proofing, sound-proofing walls.

   

Paving Brick

Laying out work. Building steps, pavements and patios. Foundations, underbed and drainage. Determining grades, rise and tread.

   

Decorative Masonry

Building decorative masonry. Combining different units in one wall. Jointing. Flashing and topping anchoring. Coloured mortar use. Building glass block panels, placing reinforcing and expansion strips, installing louvres and ventilators, jointing and cleaning. Use of reinforcing and expansion strip, weather-seals.

   

Chimneys

Laying out work. Building abutments. Corbelling for fireplace hearth. Installation of miscellaneous ironwork, cleanouts, breechings, thimbles. Building in flue linings. Bedding, jointing. Building withes or midfeathers. Tying or bonding masonry work in chimney. Placing flashings. Constructing offset flues. Corbelling to increase chimney size. Topping out chimney. Setting chimney tops. Building with refractory units.

   

Arches

Laying out work. Construction, placing and removal of centres. Determining spring line, cutting skewback. Laying-up arch. Tapering bricks or stone. Use of trammel.

   

Fireplaces

Laying out work. Placing ash dump, building fireback and setting damper. Firebrick cutting. Building-in steel fireplace form. Building masonry facing and mantel.

5

Specialty (As detailed in Schedule 1)

Prefabricated Masonry Panels

Installation of partial brick and stone panels: lining up, nailing and use of adhesives. Finishing joints. Full brick, stone and block panels: setting up jigs. Stripping form jigs. Laying out and building panels into place. Levelling and plumbing. Placing of reinforcing rods, anchor bolts, bracing plates. Welding of plates. Placing grout.

   

Stonework

Building walls of random rubble, coursed rubble, field stone, pre-cut and pre-cast stone. Ashlar patterns. Raking joints. Mixing mortar or adhesives. Cutting handling, anchoring and placing stone, bond stones and bond courses, quoins, capping for pier, coping, trim.

   

Pre-cast Concrete

Building-in pre-cast lintels, beams, joists and wall units (manufactured or job-site “tilt-up” construction). Hoisting into place. Plumbing and levelling. Tying wall units together with cast-in-place columns or pilasters.

   

Insulation

Installation for cavity walls, interior walls, refractory and refrigeration work.

   

Refractories

Calculation of refractory and fireclay materials. Preparation of fireclay, refractory cements, adhesives and epoxies. Laying out walls, locating expansion joints, recesses for intersecting walls. Placing insulation. Locating burner cones and baffles. Laying out arches. Locating deadplates and openings.

   

Tile and Spectraglaze

Building walls of plain or glazed facing tiles or blocks. Use of power-driven masonry saw. Use of special shapes.

R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1045, Sched. 2.