Introduction

About the Ontario Employment Report

The Ontario Employment Report is released four times a year and provides an assessment of the current trends and developments in the Ontario labour market. The Ontario Employment Report is a companion report to the Ontario Economic Accounts, which provides an overall assessment of the current state of the Ontario economy. Most estimates in the Ontario Employment Report are based on Statistics Canada data. Its primary audience includes economists in both public and private sectors and credit rating agencies.

Methodological Note

In the current issue, year-over-year change represents change between the averages in the third quarter of 2017 and the third quarter of 2018. Note that the Ontario Economic Accounts report primarily shows changes between the previous and the current quarter.

This report uses seasonally adjusted data in charts displaying data with a monthly frequency in the Overview section.

Unadjusted data is used in charts and tables showing the changes for the current quarter compared with the same quarter for the previous year. Unadjusted data is also used to calculate annual averages, year-to-date averages and 2018 third quarter averages.

Overview

Ontario’s Labour Market Overview

The chart indicates the change in Ontario’s total and full-time employment in the third quarter of 2018, compared to the same quarter a year ago, as well as the unemployment rate in September 2018. In the third quarter of 2018, Ontario’s employment rose by 118,200 net new jobs, compared to the same quarter in the previous year. Full-time employment increased by 135,400 over the same period. The unemployment rate was 5.9% in September 2018.

Year-over-year, Ontario’s employment grew by 1.6% (+118,200), higher than the Canadian rate of 1.1%.

Ontario’s unemployment rate was 5.9% in September 2018, the same as the Canadian rate.

Year-over-year Overview

The combination line and area chart shows Ontario’s unemployment rate (line chart) and employment (area chart) from January 2008 to September 2018. Ontario’s unemployment rate has trended downwards since the recession, reaching 5.9% in September 2018. Employment in Ontario has risen steadily since the recession, reaching about 7.2 million workers in September 2018, putting it well over the pre-recession level of roughly 6.6 million.

Between the third quarter of 2017 and 2018:

  • Employment growth was driven by increases in full-time employment (+2.3%) while part-time employment declined (-1.3%)
  • There were significant employment gains in both the services- (+1.7%) and goods- (+1.3%) producing sectors
  • Four of the five Ontario regions posted employment gains with Southwestern Ontario experiencing the fastest employment growth (+3.5%)
  • Core-aged workers and older workers experienced above-average employment growth (+1.8% and +1.7%, respectively)
  • The average hourly wage increased by 3.7%, to $27.25.

In Focus: Underutilized Labour

  • In 2017, about 864,000 workers were underutilizedfootnote 1 in Ontario. This was down from the recessionary peak of 1,100,000 in 2009, but higher than the pre-recession level of 836,000 in 2008

Type of Work Quarterly Details

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in Ontario’s employment by full-time and part-time status. Total employment increased by 1.6%, driven by a gain in full-time employment (+2.3%), while part-time employment decreased (-1.3%).

Year-over-year, full-time employment increased by 2.3% in the third quarter, while part-time employment decreased by 1.3%, and all sectors saw growth.

Year-over-year, paid employment increased in above-average wage industries by 2.3%, while employment in below-average wage industries increased by 1.3%.

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in Ontario’s employment for the private sector, public sector and self-employment. Employment increased in all three sectors. Private sector employment increased by 0.4%, while public sector employment increased by 6.9% and self-employment grew by 0.8%.

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in Ontario’s employment for above- and below-average wage industries, compared to the paid employment in all industries. Employment in above-average wage industries (+2.3%) increased more than employment in below-average wage industries (+1.3%). Paid employment in all industries (excluding self-employment) rose by 1.8%. Above-average wage industries are defined as those with earnings above the average hourly earnings of all industries in 2017.

Sector and Occupation Quarterly Details

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in Ontario’s employment by industry for goods-producing industries. Construction experienced the largest employment growth (+2.5%), followed by utilities (+27.0%) and forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, oil and gas (+6.3%). Manufacturing was the only goods-producing industry that had an employment decline (-1.5%). The overall employment in goods-producing industries increased by 1.3%.

Year-over-year, there were significant employment gains in both the goods-producing sector (+1.3%) and services-producing sector (+1.7%).

Among goods-producing industries, construction added the most jobs. This was followed by utilities, which saw the largest growth rate of 27.0%.

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in Ontario’s employment by industry for services-producing industries. Seven services-producing industries had an increase in employment. Education services experienced the biggest employment gain (+10.2%), followed by transportation and warehousing (+10.4%), and other services (excluding public administration) (+8.5%). Four industries experienced employment declines. The biggest employment decline occurred in health care and social assistance (-2.7%), followed by wholesale and retail trade (-0.8%) and public administration (-1.8%). The overall employment in services-producing industries increased by 1.7%.

Among service-producing industries, educational services and transportation and warehousing gained the most jobs, followed by other services (except public administration) and accommodation and food services. Health care and social assistance had the largest decline in employment (-2.7%).

Among broad occupational groups, trade, transport and equipment operator occupations saw the largest increase in employment, though education, law, social, community and government occupations had the strongest rate of growth at 6.7%.

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in Ontario’s employment by broad occupational group. Six occupational groups experienced employment gains. Trades, transport, equipment operators and related occupations had the biggest employment gain (+6.6%), followed by business, finance and administration occupations (+4.4%), and occupations in education, law, social, community and government services (+6.7%). Employment in three occupational categories decreased. Health occupations experienced the biggest decline (-4.1%), followed by management occupations (-2.9%) and natural and applied sciences and related occupations (-1.1%). Natural resources, agriculture and related occupations saw neither employment gains nor declines.

Geographic Region

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in employment in the five Ontario regions: Northern Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Southwestern Ontario, Central Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The GTA gained the most jobs (+2.0%), followed by Southwestern Ontario (+3.5%) and Eastern Ontario (+2.7%). Employment declined in Central Ontario (-0.6%). The overall employment increased by 1.6%.

Year-over-year, employment increased in four of the five Ontario regions. The rate of employment growth was highest in Southwestern Ontario (+3.5%), followed by Eastern Ontario (+2.7%), the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)footnote 2 (+2.0%) and Northern Ontario (+2.0%). Employment declined in Central Ontario (-0.6%).

In the third quarter of 2018, the GTA had the highest unemployment rate (6.6%) and Eastern Ontario had the lowest unemployment rate (5.1%).

The horizontal bar chart shows unemployment rates by Ontario region, in the third quarter of 2018. The Greater Toronto Area had the highest unemployment rate at 6.6%, followed by Southwestern Ontario (5.5%), Northern Ontario (5.5%), Central Ontario (5.5%), and Eastern Ontario (5.1%). The overall unemployment rate for Ontario was 6.0%.

Quarterly labour force participation rates varied considerably among the economic regions. In the third quarter, participation rates ranged from 61.6% in Northern Ontario to 66.5% in the GTA.

The horizontal bar chart shows participation rates by Ontario region, in the third quarter of 2018. The Greater Toronto Area had the highest participation rate at 66.5%, followed by Central Ontario (65.6%), Eastern Ontario (63.3%), Southwestern Ontario (63.2%) and Northern Ontario (61.6%). The overall participation rate for Ontario was 65.2%.

The map shows Ontario’s five regions: Northern Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Southwestern Ontario, Central Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area. This map is based on groupings of Statistics Canada’s economic regions.

Age and Gender Quarterly Details

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in Ontario’s employment for the three major age groups, as well as by gender, compared to the overall population. Ontarians aged 25 to 54 years gained the most jobs (+1.8%), followed by Ontarians aged 55 years and over (+1.7%), and Ontarians aged 15 to 24 years (+1.0%). Total employment (for population aged 15 and over) increased by 1.6%. Males (+2.0%) gained more jobs than females (+1.3%).

Compared to the same quarter last year, core-aged workers (25 to 54 years) gained the most jobs, followed by older workers (55 years and over), and youth (15 to 24 years). Core-aged workers experienced above-average employment growth rate (+1.8%).

The horizontal bar chart shows unemployment rates for the three major age groups, as well as by gender, compared to the overall rate, in the third quarter of 2018. Youth (15 to 24 years) had the highest unemployment rate at 12.1%, followed by the core-aged population (25 to 54 years) at 5.2% and older Ontarians (55 years and over) at 4.1%. The overall unemployment rate in the third quarter of 2018 was 6.0%. The male unemployment rate (5.5%) was lower than the female unemployment rate (6.6%).

Compared to a year ago, the unemployment rate declined by 0.4 percentage points for males and increased by 0.4 percentage points for females. The unemployment rate of youth was 12.1%, the highest among the three age groups.

In the third quarter, core-aged workers had the highest participation rate at 85.7%, followed by youth at 65.4% and older workers at 37.8%. Compared to a year ago, the participation rate for youth increased by 0.4 percentage points. The participation rates for males and females slightly declined compared to a year ago.

The horizontal bar chart shows labour force participation rates for the three major age groups, as well as by gender, compared to the overall rate, in the third quarter of 2018. The core-aged population (25 to 54 years old) had the highest labour force participation rate at 85.7%, followed by youth (15 to 24 years old) at 65.4%, and older Ontarians (55 years and over) at 37.8%. The overall participation rate was 65.2%. The male participation rate (69.6%) was higher than the female participation rate (61.0%).

Education Level and Immigrant Status Quarterly Details

The horizontal bar chart shows employment rates by education level and immigrant status for the core-aged population (25 to 54 years old), in the third quarter of 2018. By education level, those with a postsecondary certificate/diploma had the highest employment rate (85.3%), followed by those with a university degree (84.9%), those with a high school diploma (74.8%), and those with less than high school education (55.4%). By immigrant status, those born in Canada had the highest employment rate (83.3%), followed by established immigrants with more than 10 years since landing (82.1%), recent immigrants with more than 5 to 10 years since landing (77.8%), and very recent immigrants with 5 years or less since landing (67.4%).

In the third quarter of 2018, persons lacking a high school diploma continued to hold the lowest employment rate among all groups (55.4%), while postsecondary certificate/diploma holders recorded the highest employment rate (85.3%), outpacing university degree holders for the first time since the third quarter in 2016.

The horizontal bar chart shows unemployment rates by education level and immigrant status for the core-aged population (25 to 54 years old), in the third quarter of 2018. By education level, those with less than high school education had the highest unemployment rate (6.8%), followed by high school graduates (5.8%), those with a university degree (5.4%) and those with a postsecondary certificate or diploma (4.5%). By immigrant status, very recent immigrants with 5 years or less since landing had the highest unemployment rate (11.0%), followed by recent immigrants with more than 5 to 10 years since landing (5.3%), established immigrants with more than 10 years since landing (5.0%), and those born in Canada (4.7%).

The unemployment rate declined, year-over-year, for all core-aged groups by educational attainment, except for university degree holders.

The horizontal bar chart shows labour force participation rates by education level and immigrant status for the core-aged population (25 to 54 years old), in the third quarter of 2018. By education level, university graduates had the highest participation rate (89.8%), followed by those with a postsecondary certificate or diploma (89.3%), high school graduates (79.4%), and those with less than high school education (59.3%). By immigrant status, those born in Canada had the highest participation rate (87.3%), followed by established immigrants with more than 10 years since landing (86.4%), recent immigrants with more than 5 to 10 years since landing (82.2%) and very recent immigrants with 5 years or less since landing (75.7%).

In the third quarter of 2018, core-aged recent immigrants (landed 5 to 10 years earlier) and very recent immigrants (landed 5 years or less) continued to have the lowest employment rates compared to established immigrants and those born in Canada, but their employment outcomes have improved in recent years.

Wages Quarterly Details

The line chart shows average hourly wages for all employees, full-time and part-time employees expressed in real 2017 dollars from 1997 to 2017. Real average hourly wages of all employees increased from $24.00 in 1997 to $26.43 in 2017; those of full-time employees increased from $25.76 in 1997 to $28.28 in 2017 and those of part-time employees increased from $16.29 in 1997 to $18.01 in 2017.

Over the last two decades, average hourly wages increased from $24.00 in 1997 (in constant 2017 dollars) to $26.43 in 2017, an average annual increase in real hourly wages of 0.5%. The average hourly wage of full-time employees was $28.28 in 2017, 9.8% higher than in 1997, while the average hourly wage of part-time employees was $18.01 in 2017, 10.6% higher than in 1997.

The vertical bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) per cent change in Ontario’s hourly wages by type of work. The average hourly wage increased by 3.7%. Hourly wages increased for both full-time (+2.9%) and part-time employees (+8.5%); permanent (+3.5%) and temporary employees (+5.1%) and employees with union coverage (+3.4%) and those without union coverage (+3.8%).  Inflation during the same period was 2.8%.

In the third quarter of 2018, the average hourly wage of Ontario employees was $27.25, an increase of 3.7% from the third quarter of 2017.footnote 3  Consumer Price Index inflation over the same period was 2.8%.footnote 4

The horizontal bar chart shows a year-over-year (between the third quarters of 2017 and 2018) change in Ontario’s average hourly wage rate and growth by occupational group. The average hourly wage rate for Ontario was $27.26 (+3.7%). The highest average hourly wage rate was for management occupations at $45.27 (+0.9%); followed by natural and applied sciences and related occupations at $36.50 (-1.1%); and occupations in education, law and social, community and government services at $35.01 (+5.2%). The lowest average hourly wage rate was for sales and service occupations at $18.10 (+9.4%). Two occupational groups experienced declines in average hourly wages: art, culture, recreation and sport at $21.72 (-2.8%) and natural and applied sciences and related occupations at $36.50 (-1.1%).

Employees in three broad occupational groups experienced the highest wage growth: natural resources, agriculture and related occupations (+10.0%); sales and service (+9.4%); and occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (+5.2%).

In Focus: Underutilized Labour

The vertical bar chart shows numbers of underutilized workers in Ontario by component (unemployed, underemployed, waiting group and discouraged searchers) from 1997 to 2017. The number of underutilized workers peaked in 2009 and has gradually declined since then, though the 2017 level is still above the pre-recession level of 2008. The unemployed and underemployed workers comprise the vast majority of underutilized labour.

One of main objectives of monitoring labour markets is to assess the extent to which the economy is fully utilizing its available human resources. Labour underutilization hurts the supply and productivity of labour, which are important for Ontario’s long-term growth.

Number of Underutilized Workers Above Pre-Recession Level

In 2017, about 864,000 workers were underutilized in Ontario. This was down from the recessionary peak of 1,100,000 in 2009, but higher than the pre-recession level of 836,000 in 2008.

Underutilization Rate and Unemployment Rate Down Since Recession

The line chart shows the underutilization rate and unemployment rate from 1997 to 2017. The underutilization rate mirrors the unemployment rate, for the most part, over this period. Both rates were high in 1997, but then saw declines and a period of stagnation between 1999 and 2008. Due to the economic recession, both rates went up in 2009, but then began gradual declines each year.

The underutilization rate divides all underutilized labour (in full-time equivalents) by the labour force plus underutilized workers not in the labour force. The underutilization rate closely mirrors the unemployment rate over time. The underutilization rate was 8.8% in 2017.

Youth Have a Higher Underutilization Rate

The line chart shows the underutilization rate by age group (15 to 24 years, 25 to 54 years, 55 years and over) from 1997 to 2017. The youth underutilization rate has been highest among the three age groups throughout this period, and was also the most negatively impacted during the economic recession in 2009. On the other hand, the underutilization rates for 25 to 54 year-olds and older workers (55 years and over) have been almost identical from 1997 to 2017.

Over the last two decades, a relatively high share of youth (15 to 24 years) was underutilized compared to core-aged (25 to 54 years) and older workers (55 years and over). This is mostly due to youth having a higher unemployment rate and a greater share in part-time employment. The unemployment rate for youth has been consistently higher than the rate for core-aged and older workers. Almost half of youth were employed part-time in 2017, compared to about 14% of workers over 25 years of age.

Appendix

Overview of Annual Employment Ten-Year Review

  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
                     
Total Labour Force (000) 7,074.4 7,080.2 7,160.9 7,227.4 7,276.4 7,383.8 7,418.6 7,426.1 7,489.5 7,579.8
Participation Rate (%) 67.7 67.0 66.8 66.6 66.2 66.3 65.8 65.2 65.0 64.9
Male Participation Rate (%) 72.5 71.5 71.1 71.1 70.7 70.5 70.3 70.0 69.5 69.2
Female Participation Rate (%) 63.1 62.6 62.8 62.3 61.9 62.2 61.6 60.7 60.7 60.7
                     
Total Employment (000) 6,610.3 6,432.7 6,537.8 6,658.4 6,702.6 6,823.4 6,877.9 6,923.2 6,999.6 7,128.0
   - Full-time (000) 5,366.8 5,174.0 5,256.1 5,373.5 5,412.0 5,489.5 5,540.0 5,618.2 5,672.6 5,778.7
   - Part-time (000) 1,243.5 1,258.7 1,281.8 1,284.8 1,290.6 1,334.0 1,337.9 1,305.0 1,327.0 1,349.3
Employment-Population Ratio  (%) 63.3 60.9 61.0 61.4 60.9 61.2 61.0 60.8 60.7 61.0
Male Employment (000) 3,445.0 3,300.8 3,363.6 3,450.4 3,471.5 3,522.8 3,567.1 3,607.1 3,635.9 3,700.9
Female Employment (000) 3,165.2 3,131.9 3,174.2 3,207.9 3,231.1 3,300.6 3,310.8 3,316.1 3,363.7 3,427.1
Part-Time (% of total) 18.8 19.6 19.6 19.3 19.3 19.6 19.5 18.8 19.0 18.9
Goods-Producing Sector Employment (000) 1,502.0 1,365.0 1,380.6 1,408.7 1,415.3 1,397.5 1,382.0 1,401.4 1,418.1 1,432.6
Services-Producing Sector Employment (000) 5,108.3 5,067.7 5,157.3 5,249.7 5,287.3 5,425.9 5,495.9 5,521.7 5,581.4 5,695.4
Private Sector Employment (000) 4,346.2 4,194.7 4,268.2 4,339.7 4,373.0 4,447.0 4,517.0 4,540.7 4,597.3 4,690.6
Public Sector Employment (000) 1,260.5 1,232.8 1,254.7 1,294.3 1,286.0 1,314.0 1,305.4 1,294.1 1,306.4 1,329.1
Self-Employment (% of total) 15.2 15.6 15.5 15.4 15.6 15.6 15.3 15.7 15.7 15.5
                     
Total Unemployment (000) 464.1 647.5 623.1 569.1 573.8 560.3 540.7 502.9 489.9 451.8
Unemployment Rate (%) 6.6 9.1 8.7 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.0
Male Unemployment Rate (%) 6.9 10.5 9.4 8.2 8.3 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.8 6.2
Female Unemployment Rate (%) 6.2 7.7 8.0 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.1 6.5 6.3 5.7
Long-Term (27 wks+) (% of total) 13.7 18.8 24.9 24.1 22.7 22.9 22.8 20.0 19.9 19.5
Average Unemployment in Weeks 14.8 18.4 22.0 22.4 22.2 21.8 22.4 20.0 19.9 19.3
                     
Youth Unemployment Rate (%) 13.8 17.6 17.4 15.9 17.0 16.2 15.7 14.7 14.0 12.3
25-54 y.o. Unemployment rate (%) 5.3 7.8 7.3 6.5 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.0
55+ y.o. Unemployment rate (%) 4.9 6.6 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.5
                     
Average Weekly Wage Rate ($) 813.07 828.35 842.35 862.45 883.12 895.56 907.17 938.09 958.50 967.44
Average Hourly Wage Rate ($) 22.09 22.66 23.09 23.55 24.09 24.48 24.82 25.59 26.15 26.43

Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey.

  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
                     
Employment by Region (000)                    
Greater Toronto Area (GTA) 3,023.4 2,963.0 3,034.6 3,077.8 3,112.3 3,240.2 3,241.1 3,320.4 3,373.2 3,442.9
Central 1,530.4 1,487.7 1,508.1 1,552.0 1,551.4 1,559.5 1,597.2 1,597.5 1,598.0 1,655.2
Southwestern 791.3 752.0 761.7 771.1 772.9 769.4 775.0 770.5 775.8 778.4
Eastern 897.9 879.2 879.6 897.0 908.7 898.4 907.9 889.2 904.9 903.4
Northern 367.2 350.8 354.0 360.4 357.3 355.9 356.6 345.5 347.7 348.2
                     
Unemployment Rate by Region (%)                    
Greater Toronto Area (GTA) 6.9 9.6 9.2 8.4 8.8 8.2 8.0 7.1 6.9 6.4
Central 6.2 9.1 8.4 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.3
Southwestern 7.1 10.3 9.1 8.1 7.8 7.7 7.0 6.9 6.1 5.6
Eastern 5.4 6.8 7.2 6.7 6.6 6.6 7.0 6.7 6.4 5.7
Northern 6.7 9.0 8.3 7.8 7.2 7.4 6.6 7.2 7.1 6.4
                     
Total Employment by CMA (000)                    
GTA                    
Toronto 2,866.4 2,817.0 2,880.3 2,923.4 2,960.6 3,092.1 3,087.4 3,176.7 3,215.0 3,289.6
Oshawa 181.3 175.1 184.3 189.0 190.0 194.5 201.4 196.4 214.0 210.4
Central Ontario                    
Hamilton 370.3 369.8 369.1 375.1 376.6 374.8 383.7 385.4 385.8 417.9
Kitchener 256.6 250.7 258.1 270.5 271.6 278.9 283.1 279.8 281.6 287.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 198.5 186.3 190.4 196.1 201.8 193.5 195.4 204.1 203.1 197.6
Peterborough 62.5 58.5 56.6 57.6 58.5 54.9 60.5 61.2 59.5 61.2
Brantford 68.7 68.6 67.4 68.5 67.5 68.9 68.6 69.3 70.2 72.3
Guelph 81.1 79.1 79.2 82.0 83.9 79.8 81.8 90.5 90.6 90.8
Barrie 98.2 90.3 99.1 101.5 102.3 109.4 111.6 108.4 104.2 115.6
Eastern Ontario                    
Ottawa (Ontario part) 508.3 500.4 515.3 517.4 535.4 523.5 533.8 531.1 543.4 546.7
Kingston 80.1 79.2 76.7 79.3 80.6 82.6 81.4 82.9 83.6 87.3
Southwestern Ontario                    
London 248.3 238.8 239.6 237.7 242.3 240.4 243.0 252.0 245.9 245.8
Windsor 154.8 146.4 147.5 147.9 153.3 154.8 155.2 158.0 164.1 162.8
Northern Ontario                    
Sudbury 82.5 79.8 80.7 82.1 80.8 83.3 83.1 82.3 81.7 81.1
Thunder Bay 62.3 60.0 60.2 60.3 61.8 62.8 61.5 59.7 60.1 61.5

Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey.

Overview of Quarterly Employment Year-over-Year

  2016q4 2017q4 2017q1 2018q1 2017q2 2018q2 2017q3 2018q3
                 
Total Labour Force (000) 7,469.4 7,598.9 7,458.6 7,510.5 7,602.6 7,717.1 7,658.9 7,782.37
Participation Rate (%) 64.5 64.6 64.2 63.6 65.2 65.0 65.4 65.2
Male Participation Rate (%) 69.0 68.8 68.6 67.5 69.6 69.1 69.9 69.6
Female Participation Rate (%) 60.2 60.7 60.0 59.8 61.0 61.1 61.1 61.1
                 
Total Employment (000) 7,041.6 7,213.4 6,972.0 7,082.3 7,129.7 7,269.2 7,197.0 7,315.2
   - Full-time (000) 5,648.7 5,818.4 5,583.5 5,707.7 5,799.3 5,970.2 5,913.7 6,049.1
   - Part-time (000) 1,392.9 1,394.9 1,388.5 1,374.7 1,330.4 1,299.0 1,283.3 1,266.0
Employment-Population Ratio (%) 60.8 61.4 60.0 60.0 61.2 61.2 61.5 61.3
Male Employment (000) 3,669.2 3,730.9 3,614.0 3,653.6 3,700.2 3,773.8 3,758.8 3,833.8
Female Employment (000) 3,372.4 3,482.5 3,358.0 3,428.7 3,429.5 3,495.4 3,438.2 3,481.3
Part-Time (% of total) 19.8 19.3 19.9 19.4 18.7 17.9 17.8 17.3
Goods-Producing Sector Employment (000) 1,423.2 1,465.2 1,368.0 1,406.8 1,424.9 1,451.7 1,472.2 1,491.0
Services-Producing Sector Employment (000) 5,618.4 5,748.2 5,604.1 5,675.6 5,704.7 5,817.5 5,724.8 5,824.2
Private Sector Employment (000) 4,628.0 4,744.9 4,561.5 4,620.0 4,666.5 4,756.9 4,789.5 4,810.7
Public Sector Employment (000) 1,322.1 1,347.1 1,332.9 1,352.3 1,351.3 1,396.9 1,285.1 1,373.5
Self-Employment (% of total) 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.7 15.6 15.4 15.6 15.5
                 
Total Unemployment (000) 427.8 385.5 486.6 428.2 473.0 447.9 462.0 467.2
Unemployment Rate (%) 5.7 5.1 6.5 5.7 6.2 5.8 6.0 6.0
Male Unemployment Rate (%) 5.8 5.4 7.0 6.1 6.5 5.8 5.9 5.5
Female Unemployment Rate (%) 5.7 4.7 6.0 5.2 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.6
Long-Term (27 wks+) (% of total) 20.6 20.4 20.3 16.5 19.0 17.1 18.2 16.9
Average Unemployment in Weeks 20.1 20.2 20.4 17.3 18.9 17.5 17.9 16.8
                 
Youth Unemployment Rate (%) 12.6 10.1 14.7 11.8 13.3 12.9 11.3 12.1
25-54 y.o. Unemployment rate (%) 4.7 4.4 5.3 4.7 5.1 4.7 5.4 5.2
55+ y.o. Unemployment rate (%) 4.3 3.9 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.1
                 
Average Weekly Wage Rate ($) 956.30 979.94 957.27 994.55 962.03 1,007.28 970.13 1,004.23
Average Hourly Wage Rate ($) 26.23 26.80 26.34 27.28 26.28 27.43 26.28 27.26

Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey.

    2016q4 2017q4 2017q1 2018q1 2017q2 2018q2 2017q3 2018q3
                   
Employment by Region (000)                  
Greater Toronto Area (GTA)   3,370.6 3,509.9 3,352.9 3,466.6 3,442.6 3,538.8 3,466.2 3,535.7
Central   1,625.6 1,656.4 1,602.7 1,598.5 1,665.5 1,646.6 1,695.9 1,686.1
Southwestern   776.3 789.5 768.4 775.2 772.9 801.3 782.8 810.3
Eastern   923.9 908.2 914.1 905.4 897.6 924.4 893.8 917.9
Northern   345.2 349.3 333.9 336.6 351.0 358.0 358.3 365.4
                   
Unemployment Rate by Region (%)                  
Greater Toronto Area (GTA) 6.3   5.4 7.0 5.7 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.6
Central 5.0   4.5 6.1 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.5
Southwestern 5.2   5.1 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5
Eastern 5.1   4.8 5.3 5.0 6.4 4.8 6.5 5.1
Northern 6.5   5.3 7.7 6.6 6.3 5.9 6.5 5.1
                   
Total Employment by CMA (000)                  
GTA                  
Toronto 3,206.30   3,351.0 3,204.7 3,305.7 3,289.1 3,363.4 3,313.7 3,361.9
Oshawa 218.7   211.0 204.6 211.9 213.6 228.6 212.2 222.4
Central Ontario                  
Hamilton 398.0   423.3 396.5 407.7 419.3 414.3 432.4 412.4
Kitchener 281.9   287.4 282.0 276.6 291.2 286.5 290.5 303.1
St. Catharines-Niagara 206.8   198.5 191.0 195.4 198.8 204.4 202.2 205.1
Peterborough 61.0   61.0 60.4 59.5 61.0 62.0 62.5 66.3
Brantford 73.2   74.9 72.4 70.8 69.3 68.5 72.6 68.9
Guelph 90.5   91.0 88.7 87.0 92.0 86.8 91.3 88.6
Barrie 103.4   117.9 109.8 106.3 117.3 112.3 117.3 120.9
Eastern Ontario                  
Ottawa (Ontario part) 549.4   550.0 547.9 552.3 548.4 567.2 540.6 557.3
Kingston 83.7   88.0 85.0 85.5 88.6 87.3 87.4 87.9
Southwestern Ontario                  
London 240.6   242.5 246.0 245.8 251.6 257.9 242.9 260.3
Windsor 162.5   164.3 157.6 160.9 161.2 164.2 168.1 163.7
Northern Ontario                  
Sudbury 83.1   82.1 79.1 78.0 81.0 80.8 82.2 82.2
Thunder Bay 59.9   61.2 59.3 62.2 62.1 65.7 63.4 65.3

Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey.



Footnotes

  • footnote[1] Back to paragraph Underutilized workers include unemployed, underemployed (involuntary part-timers), those waiting for employment and discouraged searchers.
  • footnote[2] Back to paragraph This economic region closely matches the GTA, the main exception being that it excludes the city of Burlington.
  • footnote[3] Back to paragraph Year-over-year comparison (between third quarters of 2017 and 2018) is in nominal dollars.
  • footnote[4] Back to paragraph Measured as an increase in the all-items Consumer Price Index for Ontario between the third quarter of 2017 and the third quarter of 2018.