Resources
Contact Information
Spills Action Centre:
Wells Help Desk:
Tel: 1-888-396-9355 Fax: 416-235-5960
Email: helpdesk@waterwellontario.ca
Ministry Of The Enviroment And Climate Change - Regional, District And Area Offices
Figure 1: Map Of Ministry Regions
Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change regional and district offices.
Public Health Units
Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Public Health Unit Locations.
Conservation Authorities
There are thirty six conservation authorities located in Ontario. Ontario Conservation Authority contacts list.
Internet Resources
Provincial Resources
Association of Professional Geoscientists of Ontario
Environmental Commissioner Of Ontario’s Resource Library
Ministry Of The Environment And Climate Change Wells Articles: Government of Ontario
Ministry Of The Environment And Climate Change Water Well Ontario Website: This Website Has A Database Of Licenced Well Contractors. Government of Ontario
Ontario Association Of Certified Engineering Technicians And Technologists
Ontario Ministry Of Agriculture, Food And Rural Affairs Publication Online: Information on care and maintenance of private wells; including, what to do in times of water shortage, maintaining water quality, protecting drinking water and proper construction and abandonment of wells.
Ontario Ground Water Association (OGWA): “Created in 1952 as a not-for-profit organization to facilitate the various sectors of the groundwater industry coming together for the delivery of safe and clean water supplies throughout the Province.”
Professional Engineers Ontario
Canadian Resources
Alberta Department Of Agriculture And Rural Development: Water Wells that Last Generations Online Manuals for the construction, maintenance and abandonment of water wells.
Canadian Groundwater Association - “national voice of the groundwater industry in Canada”; includes numerous fact sheets on groundwater and sanitizing a water well, etc.”
Canadian Waste Water Agency (CWWA): Provides wastewater treatment resources
Environment Canada: Green Lane: Provides information about environmental preservation including the conservation and protection of Canada’s water resource.
Fleming College: For information about training courses for well technicians in Ontario
Ontario Clean Water Agency (OCWA) - provides wastewater treatment resources:
Canadian Water Resources Association: “Promoting Effective Water Management”:
Ontario Water Works Association (OWWA): “A voluntary membership organization of drinking water professionals dedicated to protecting public health through the delivery of safe, sufficient and sustainable drinking water in Ontario.”
Well Wise - "A resource, research and education centre that provides support to private well owners across Ontario and professionals that work with them".
International Resources
Most of the following sites are U.S. based water information sites and include general and global information on water resources and issues.
American Groundwater Trust - Educational organization regarding the hydrologic, economic and environmental significance of groundwater; includes a 12-part groundwater education series
Oregon State University - Groundwater Stewardship – provides basics of understanding groundwater and its protection
National Sanitation Foundation
U.S. National Groundwater Association
UK's Centre Of Ecology And Hydrology
Water Magazine.com - Water policy ideas and information from around the world
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Number of articles on groundwater, aquifers, wells, etc.; also general water articles such as water cycle; link to groundwater primer on basics, quality, what you can do, protection programs, glossary and references
American Water Works Association
Michigan Department Of Environmental Quality
NSF Certified Product And Service Listings
Conversion Tables
To Convert: On the left hand column of the table is the SI (Systeme International d’Unites). To convert from Metric units to Imperial units, simply multiply by the conversion factor in the upper portion of each cell. To convert from the Imperial units to Metric units, simply multiply by the conversion factor in the lower portion of each cell. The arrows next to each conversion factor show the direction of the conversion.
| m2 | × 10.7639 → ← × 0.0929 |
square ft |
| m2 | × 1.196 → ← × 0.8361 |
square yards |
| m2 | × 2.471 × 10−4→ ← × 4046.9 |
acres |
| ha | × 2.471 → ← × 0.40469 |
acres |
| cm3 | × 0.061024 → ← × 16.387 |
cubic inches |
| m3 | × 35.315 → ← × 0.02832 |
cubic ft |
| m3 | × 219.9 → ← × 4.546 × 10−3 |
Imperial Gallons |
| L | × 0.2199 → ← × 4.546 |
Imperial Gallons |
| mL | × 0.000219 → ← × .4346 × 10−5 |
Imperial gallons |
| m3 | × .2199 × 10−3→ ← × 4.546 × 103 |
Million Imp. gallons |
| mm | × 0.03937 → ← × 25.4 |
Inches |
| mm | × 3.28 × 10−3→ ← × 304.8 |
feet |
| cm | × 0.3937 → ← × 2.54 |
inches |
| cm | × 0.0328 → ← × 30.48 |
feet |
| m | × 39.37 → ← × 0.0254 |
inches |
| m | × 3.281 → ← × 0.3048 |
feet |
| km | × 3280.84 → ← × 0.3048 × 10−3 |
feet |
| km | × 1093.61→ ← × 9.144 × 10−4 |
yards |
| km | × 0.6214 → ← × 1.609 |
miles |
| g | × 2.205 × 10−3 → ← × 0.064799 |
pounds |
| g | × 15.4323 → ← × 0.064799 |
grains |
| g | × 0.03527→ ← × 28.3495 |
ounces |
| mg | × 2.205 × 10−6 → ← × 453592.3 |
pounds |
| mg | × 0.01543 → ← × 64.799 |
grains |
| kg | × 2.2046 → ← × 0.4536 |
pounds |
| Pa | × 0.145 × 10−3 → ← × 6.895 × 103 |
pounds per square inch |
| kPa | × 0.145 → ← × 6.895 |
pounds per square inch |
| kPa | × 4.0145 → ← × 0.249 |
inches of water column |
| kPa | × 0.295 → ← × 3.386 |
inches of mercury col. |
| psi | × 2.31 → ← x 0.433 |
Feet of water depth |
| kPa | × 0.102 → ← × 9.8 |
Metres of water depth |
| J | × 0.7376 → ← × 1.356 |
foot pounds |
| kJ | × 0.9478 → ← × 1.055 |
BTU |
| kW | × 1.341 → ← × 0.7457 |
hp (electric) |
| °C | (1.8 × °C) + 32 → ← (°F − 32) × 0.5556 |
°F |
pH
A pH scale is used to measure the acidity of a substance. A pH lower than 7 indicates an acidic substance (maximum acidity = 0), and pH greater than 7 indicates a less acidic – or more alkaline – substance (maximum alkalinity = 14). A pH of 7 is neutral. Pure water has a pH of 7
Figure 2: pH Scale
Mathematical Symbols Found in this Manual
| Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| > | Greater-than | Used to express a larger value than a given value. For example: in the expression (x > y) ; x has a greater value than y. |
| ≥ | Greater than or equal to | Used to express a value that can be either a larger value or the same value as a given value. For example: in the expression (x ≥ y) ; x has a either a greater value than y or it has the same value as y. |
| < | Less-than | Used to express a lesser value than given value. |
| ≤ | Less-than or equal to | Used to express a value that can be either a lesser value or the same value as a given value. |
| π | Pi | Approximately equal to 3.14; pi is a mathematical constant representing the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. |
References
Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). 2003. Best Management Practices - Water Wells, Revised Edition, 2003.
Agricultural Employees Protection Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 16
American Water Works Association (AWWA). 2003. ANSI/AWWA C 654 - 03 - Disinfection of Wells. AWWA, Denver, CO. 2003.
American Water Works Association (AWWA). 2004. ANSI/AWWA B300 - 04 - Hypochlorites. AWWA, Denver, CO. 2003.
American Water Works Association (AWWA). 2006. ANSI/AWWA A100–06 – Minimum Requirements for Vertical Water Supply Wells. AWWA, Denver, CO. 2006.
ASTM Standard A500 / A500M, 2007. Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007, DOI: 110.1520/A0500_A0500M-07, ASTM website.
ASTM Standard A53 / A53M, 2007. Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007, DOI: 110.1520/A0053_A0053M-07, ASTM website.
ASTM Standard A589 / A589M, 2006. Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon Steel Water-Well Pipe. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2006, DOI: 10.1520/A0589_A0589M-06, ASTM website.
ASTM Standard ASTM A252, 98 (2007). Standard Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, DOI: 10.1520/A0252-98R07, ASTM website.
ASTM Standard ASTM C478-07 (2009). Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Section. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009, DOI: 10.1520/C0478-07, ASTM website.
ASTM Standard C990M, 2006 (2009), Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009, DOI: 10.1520/C0990-09, ASTM website.
ASTM Standard D1173, 2007. Standard Test Method for Foaming Properties of Surface-Active Agent. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007, DOI: 10.1520/D1173-07, ASTM website.
ASTM Standard D5221, 2005. Standard Guide for Development of Ground-Water Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007, DOI: 10.1520/D5521-05, ASTM website.
ASTM Standard F480, 2006b. Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR), SCH 40 and SCH 80. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2006, DOI: 10.1520/F0480-06B, ASTM website.
Building Code Act, 2002, S.O. 1992, c. 23.
Electricity Act, 1998. S.O. 1998. c. 15, Schedule A.
Environment Canada. 2005. Acid Rain and the Facts.
Environmental Protection Act, R.S.O., 1990, c. E 19.
Fisheries Act, R.S., 1985, Chapter F-14.
Fleming College. 2008. Manual for Continuing Education Course Monitoring Wells – Construction ( for Ontario Well Technicians).
Fleming College. 2008. Manual for Continuing Education Course Safety (for Ontario Well Technicians).
Fleming College. 2008. Manual for Manual for Well Constructed: Training for Assistant Well Technicians in Ontario.
Gowen Environmental Ltd. 2008. Contaminated and Hazardous Waste Site Management: Theory, Practice and Outdoor Field Demonstrations – Online Glossary.
Holben, Ronald J., and Gaber, Michael R.S. 2003. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality: Water Well Disinfection Manual. Michigan DEQ, Lansing MI.
Mansuy, Neil. 1998. The Sustainable Well Series - Water Well Rehabilitation: A Practical Guide to Understanding Well Problems and Solutions. Layne Geosciences Inc./CRC Press. ISBN10: 1566703875, ISBN13: 9781566703871
McKenna, F. P, and Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE). 1987. Water Wells and Ground water Supplies in Ontario. Queens Printer Press for Ontario.
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Water Bureau. 2005. Flowing Well Handbook. Michigan DEQ. Lansing, MI.
National Groundwater Association. 2004. Illustrated Glossary of Driller’s Terms. NGWA Inc. Press, Westerville Ohio.
Nielsen, David M. 2006. Environmental Site Characterization and Ground-Water Monitoring: Second Edition. Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
NSF International Standard/American National Standard 60, 2009. Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals - Health Effects. NSF International, Ann Arbor, MI 2009. NSF website.
NSF International Standard/American National Standard 61, 2008. Water Treatment and Distribution Systems - Health Effects, 27th Edition. NSF International, Ann Arbor, MI 2008. NSF website.
NSF International Standard/American National Standard 61, 2008. Water Treatment and Distribution Systems - Health Effects. NSF International, Ann Arbor, MI 2008. NSF: Certified fibre-reinforced plastic casing for potable water use (see NSF Products and Service Listings).
Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O. 1.
Ontario Regulation 350/06 (Building Code) as amended made under the Building Code Act, 2002, S.O. 1992, c. 23.
Ontario Regulation 632/05 (Confined Spaces) as amended made under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O. 1.
Ontario Regulation 213/91 (Construction Projects) as amended made under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O. 1.
Ontario Regulation 164/99 (Electrical Safety Code) as amended made under the Electricity Act, 1998. S.O. 1998. c. 15, Schedule A.
Ontario Regulation 169/03 (Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards) as amended made under the Safe Water Drinking Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 32.
Ontario Regulation 153/04 (Records of Site Condition – Part XV.1 of the Act) as amended made under the Environmental Protection Act, R.S.O., 1990, c. E. 19.
Ontario Regulation 387/04 (Water Taking) as amended made under the Ontario Water Resources Act. R.S.O. 1990, c. O. 40.
Ontario Ministry of Environment (MOE). June 4, 2006. (Originally dated April 16, 2003, First Revision June 1, 2003) Procedure for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario (As adopted by reference by Ontario Regulation 170/03 under the Safe Drinking Water Act): Second Revision. PIBS 4448e01. Available on Ontario.ca
Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE). 2003 (revised 2006). The Technical Support Document for the Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards, Objectives and Guideline. PIBS 4449e01 Available on Ontario.ca
Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE), March 9, 2004. Soil, Ground Water and Sediment Standards for Use Under Part XV.1 of the Environmental Protection Act. Available on Ontario.ca
Ontario Water Resources Act. R.S.O. 1990, c. O. 40.
R.R.O. 1990, Regulation 903 (Wells) as amended made under the Ontario Water Resources Act. R.S.O. 1990, c. O. 40.
Safe Water Drinking Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 32.
Schnieders, John H. 2003. Chemical Cleaning, Disinfection and Decontamination of Water Wells. Johnson Screens Inc., St. Paul, MN. ISBN 0-9726750-0-0-0
Sterrett, Robert J. 2007. Groundwater and Wells; Third Edition. Johnson Screens/a Weatherford Company. New Brighton, MN., ISBN-13: 978-0-9787793-0-6, ISBN-10: 0-9787793-0-4
The Ministry of the Environment. 2006. Procedure for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario: Second Revision. Available on Ontario.ca
Tucker, Maurice, E. 2003. Sedimentary Rocks in the Field. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-85123-6.
US Army Corp of Engineers. November 1, 1998. Monitoring Well Design at Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Sites
World Health Organization. 2006. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, First Addendum to the Third Edition, Volume 1, Recommendations - 3rd Edition, ISBN 92 4 154696 4 (NLM Cassification: WA 675) Electronic version for the web available.
WSC PAS-97(04) - WSC Performance Standards And Recommended Installation Procedures for Sanitary Water Well Pitless Adapters, Pitless Units, and Well Caps. Water System Council, Washington DC.